/*
  ==============================================================================

   This file is part of the Water library.
   Copyright (c) 2016 ROLI Ltd.
   Copyright (C) 2017 Filipe Coelho <falktx@falktx.com>

   Permission is granted to use this software under the terms of the ISC license
   http://www.isc.org/downloads/software-support-policy/isc-license/

   Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
   purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
   copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.

   THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD
   TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
   FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT,
   OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF
   USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER
   TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE
   OF THIS SOFTWARE.

  ==============================================================================
*/

#include "MidiFile.h"
#include "../memory/ByteOrder.h"
#include "../streams/InputStream.h"
#include "../streams/MemoryOutputStream.h"

namespace water {

namespace MidiFileHelpers
{
    static void writeVariableLengthInt (OutputStream& out, unsigned int v)
    {
        unsigned int buffer = v & 0x7f;

        while ((v >>= 7) != 0)
        {
            buffer <<= 8;
            buffer |= ((v & 0x7f) | 0x80);
        }

        for (;;)
        {
            out.writeByte ((char) buffer);

            if (buffer & 0x80)
                buffer >>= 8;
            else
                break;
        }
    }

    static bool parseMidiHeader (const uint8* &data, short& timeFormat, short& fileType, short& numberOfTracks) noexcept
    {
        unsigned int ch = ByteOrder::bigEndianInt (data);
        data += 4;

        if (ch != ByteOrder::bigEndianInt ("MThd"))
        {
            bool ok = false;

            if (ch == ByteOrder::bigEndianInt ("RIFF"))
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i)
                {
                    ch = ByteOrder::bigEndianInt (data);
                    data += 4;

                    if (ch == ByteOrder::bigEndianInt ("MThd"))
                    {
                        ok = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }

            if (! ok)
                return false;
        }

        unsigned int bytesRemaining = ByteOrder::bigEndianInt (data);
        data += 4;
        fileType = (short) ByteOrder::bigEndianShort (data);
        data += 2;
        numberOfTracks = (short) ByteOrder::bigEndianShort (data);
        data += 2;
        timeFormat = (short) ByteOrder::bigEndianShort (data);
        data += 2;
        bytesRemaining -= 6;
        data += bytesRemaining;

        return true;
    }

    static double convertTicksToSeconds (const double time,
                                         const MidiMessageSequence& tempoEvents,
                                         const int timeFormat)
    {
        if (timeFormat < 0)
            return time / (-(timeFormat >> 8) * (timeFormat & 0xff));

        double lastTime = 0.0, correctedTime = 0.0;
        const double tickLen = 1.0 / (timeFormat & 0x7fff);
        double secsPerTick = 0.5 * tickLen;
        const int numEvents = tempoEvents.getNumEvents();

        for (int i = 0; i < numEvents; ++i)
        {
            const MidiMessage& m = tempoEvents.getEventPointer(i)->message;
            const double eventTime = m.getTimeStamp();

            if (eventTime >= time)
                break;

            correctedTime += (eventTime - lastTime) * secsPerTick;
            lastTime = eventTime;

            if (m.isTempoMetaEvent())
                secsPerTick = tickLen * m.getTempoSecondsPerQuarterNote();

            while (i + 1 < numEvents)
            {
                const MidiMessage& m2 = tempoEvents.getEventPointer(i + 1)->message;

                if (m2.getTimeStamp() != eventTime)
                    break;

                if (m2.isTempoMetaEvent())
                    secsPerTick = tickLen * m2.getTempoSecondsPerQuarterNote();

                ++i;
            }
        }

        return correctedTime + (time - lastTime) * secsPerTick;
    }

    // a comparator that puts all the note-offs before note-ons that have the same time
    struct Sorter
    {
        static int compareElements (const MidiMessageSequence::MidiEventHolder* const first,
                                    const MidiMessageSequence::MidiEventHolder* const second) noexcept
        {
            const double diff = (first->message.getTimeStamp() - second->message.getTimeStamp());

            if (diff > 0) return 1;
            if (diff < 0) return -1;
            if (first->message.isNoteOff() && second->message.isNoteOn())   return -1;
            if (first->message.isNoteOn()  && second->message.isNoteOff())  return 1;

            return 0;
        }
    };

    template <typename MethodType>
    static void findAllMatchingEvents (const OwnedArray<MidiMessageSequence>& tracks,
                                       MidiMessageSequence& results,
                                       MethodType method)
    {
        for (size_t i = 0; i < tracks.size(); ++i)
        {
            const MidiMessageSequence& track = *tracks.getUnchecked(i);
            const int numEvents = track.getNumEvents();

            for (int j = 0; j < numEvents; ++j)
            {
                const MidiMessage& m = track.getEventPointer(j)->message;

                if ((m.*method)())
                    results.addEvent (m);
            }
        }
    }
}

//==============================================================================
MidiFile::MidiFile()
   : timeFormat ((short) (unsigned short) 0xe728)
{
}

MidiFile::~MidiFile()
{
}

MidiFile::MidiFile (const MidiFile& other)
    : timeFormat (other.timeFormat)
{
    tracks.addCopiesOf (other.tracks);
}

MidiFile& MidiFile::operator= (const MidiFile& other)
{
    timeFormat = other.timeFormat;
    tracks.clear();
    tracks.addCopiesOf (other.tracks);

    return *this;
}

void MidiFile::clear()
{
    tracks.clear();
}

//==============================================================================
size_t MidiFile::getNumTracks() const noexcept
{
    return tracks.size();
}

const MidiMessageSequence* MidiFile::getTrack (const size_t index) const noexcept
{
    return tracks [index];
}

void MidiFile::addTrack (const MidiMessageSequence& trackSequence)
{
    tracks.add (new MidiMessageSequence (trackSequence));
}

//==============================================================================
short MidiFile::getTimeFormat() const noexcept
{
    return timeFormat;
}

void MidiFile::setTicksPerQuarterNote (const int ticks) noexcept
{
    timeFormat = (short) ticks;
}

void MidiFile::setSmpteTimeFormat (const int framesPerSecond,
                                   const int subframeResolution) noexcept
{
    timeFormat = (short) (((-framesPerSecond) << 8) | subframeResolution);
}

//==============================================================================
void MidiFile::findAllTempoEvents (MidiMessageSequence& results) const
{
    MidiFileHelpers::findAllMatchingEvents (tracks, results, &MidiMessage::isTempoMetaEvent);
}

void MidiFile::findAllTimeSigEvents (MidiMessageSequence& results) const
{
    MidiFileHelpers::findAllMatchingEvents (tracks, results, &MidiMessage::isTimeSignatureMetaEvent);
}

void MidiFile::findAllKeySigEvents (MidiMessageSequence& results) const
{
    MidiFileHelpers::findAllMatchingEvents (tracks, results, &MidiMessage::isKeySignatureMetaEvent);
}

double MidiFile::getLastTimestamp() const
{
    double t = 0.0;

    for (size_t i=0; i < tracks.size(); ++i)
        t = jmax (t, tracks.getUnchecked(i)->getEndTime());

    return t;
}

//==============================================================================
bool MidiFile::readFrom (InputStream& sourceStream)
{
    clear();
    MemoryBlock data;

    const int maxSensibleMidiFileSize = 200 * 1024 * 1024;

    // (put a sanity-check on the file size, as midi files are generally small)
    if (sourceStream.readIntoMemoryBlock (data, maxSensibleMidiFileSize))
    {
        size_t size = data.getSize();
        const uint8* d = static_cast<const uint8*> (data.getData());
        short fileType, expectedTracks;

        if (size > 16 && MidiFileHelpers::parseMidiHeader (d, timeFormat, fileType, expectedTracks))
        {
            size -= (size_t) (d - static_cast<const uint8*> (data.getData()));

            int track = 0;

            while (size > 0 && track < expectedTracks)
            {
                const int chunkType = (int) ByteOrder::bigEndianInt (d);
                d += 4;
                const int chunkSize = (int) ByteOrder::bigEndianInt (d);
                d += 4;

                if (chunkSize <= 0)
                    break;

                if (chunkType == (int) ByteOrder::bigEndianInt ("MTrk"))
                    readNextTrack (d, chunkSize);

                size -= (size_t) chunkSize + 8;
                d += chunkSize;
                ++track;
            }

            return true;
        }
    }

    return false;
}

void MidiFile::readNextTrack (const uint8* data, int size)
{
    double time = 0;
    uint8 lastStatusByte = 0;

    MidiMessageSequence result;

    while (size > 0)
    {
        int bytesUsed;
        const int delay = MidiMessage::readVariableLengthVal (data, bytesUsed);
        data += bytesUsed;
        size -= bytesUsed;
        time += delay;

        int messSize = 0;
        const MidiMessage mm (data, size, messSize, lastStatusByte, time);

        if (messSize <= 0)
            break;

        size -= messSize;
        data += messSize;

        result.addEvent (mm);

        const uint8 firstByte = *(mm.getRawData());
        if ((firstByte & 0xf0) != 0xf0)
            lastStatusByte = firstByte;
    }

    // use a sort that puts all the note-offs before note-ons that have the same time
    MidiFileHelpers::Sorter sorter;
    result.list.sort (sorter, true);

    addTrack (result);
    tracks.getLast()->updateMatchedPairs();
}

//==============================================================================
void MidiFile::convertTimestampTicksToSeconds()
{
    MidiMessageSequence tempoEvents;
    findAllTempoEvents (tempoEvents);
    findAllTimeSigEvents (tempoEvents);

    if (timeFormat != 0)
    {
        for (size_t i = 0; i < tracks.size(); ++i)
        {
            const MidiMessageSequence& ms = *tracks.getUnchecked(i);

            for (int j = ms.getNumEvents(); --j >= 0;)
            {
                MidiMessage& m = ms.getEventPointer(j)->message;
                m.setTimeStamp (MidiFileHelpers::convertTicksToSeconds (m.getTimeStamp(), tempoEvents, timeFormat));
            }
        }
    }
}

//==============================================================================
bool MidiFile::writeTo (OutputStream& out, int midiFileType)
{
    wassert (midiFileType >= 0 && midiFileType <= 2);

    if (! out.writeIntBigEndian ((int) ByteOrder::bigEndianInt ("MThd"))) return false;
    if (! out.writeIntBigEndian (6))                                      return false;
    if (! out.writeShortBigEndian ((short) midiFileType))                 return false;
    if (! out.writeShortBigEndian ((short) tracks.size()))                return false;
    if (! out.writeShortBigEndian (timeFormat))                           return false;

    for (size_t i = 0; i < tracks.size(); ++i)
        if (! writeTrack (out, i))
            return false;

    out.flush();
    return true;
}

bool MidiFile::writeTrack (OutputStream& mainOut, const int trackNum)
{
    MemoryOutputStream out;
    const MidiMessageSequence& ms = *tracks.getUnchecked (trackNum);

    int lastTick = 0;
    uint8 lastStatusByte = 0;
    bool endOfTrackEventWritten = false;

    for (int i = 0; i < ms.getNumEvents(); ++i)
    {
        const MidiMessage& mm = ms.getEventPointer(i)->message;

        if (mm.isEndOfTrackMetaEvent())
            endOfTrackEventWritten = true;

        const int tick = roundToInt (mm.getTimeStamp());
        const int delta = jmax (0, tick - lastTick);
        MidiFileHelpers::writeVariableLengthInt (out, (uint32) delta);
        lastTick = tick;

        const uint8* data = mm.getRawData();
        int dataSize = mm.getRawDataSize();

        const uint8 statusByte = data[0];

        if (statusByte == lastStatusByte
             && (statusByte & 0xf0) != 0xf0
             && dataSize > 1
             && i > 0)
        {
            ++data;
            --dataSize;
        }
        else if (statusByte == 0xf0)  // Write sysex message with length bytes.
        {
            out.writeByte ((char) statusByte);

            ++data;
            --dataSize;

            MidiFileHelpers::writeVariableLengthInt (out, (uint32) dataSize);
        }

        out.write (data, (size_t) dataSize);
        lastStatusByte = statusByte;
    }

    if (! endOfTrackEventWritten)
    {
        out.writeByte (0); // (tick delta)
        const MidiMessage m (MidiMessage::endOfTrack());
        out.write (m.getRawData(), (size_t) m.getRawDataSize());
    }

    if (! mainOut.writeIntBigEndian ((int) ByteOrder::bigEndianInt ("MTrk"))) return false;
    if (! mainOut.writeIntBigEndian ((int) out.getDataSize()))                return false;

    mainOut << out;

    return true;
}

}
