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   1  
   2  # !!!!!!!   DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE   !!!!!!!
   3  # This file is autogenerated by buildtoc from all the other pods.
   4  # Edit those files and run buildtoc --build-toc to effect changes.
   5  
   6  =head1 NAME
   7  
   8  perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
   9  
  10  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  11  
  12  This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
  13  documentation set.  It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
  14  through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
  15  
  16  =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
  17  
  18  =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
  19  
  20  =over 4
  21  
  22  =item SYNOPSIS
  23  
  24  =over 4
  25  
  26  =item Overview
  27  
  28  =item Tutorials
  29  
  30  =item Reference Manual
  31  
  32  =item Internals and C Language Interface
  33  
  34  =item Miscellaneous
  35  
  36  =item Language-Specific
  37  
  38  =item Platform-Specific
  39  
  40  =back
  41  
  42  =item DESCRIPTION
  43  
  44  =item AVAILABILITY
  45  
  46  =item ENVIRONMENT
  47  
  48  =item AUTHOR
  49  
  50  =item FILES
  51  
  52  =item SEE ALSO
  53  
  54  =item DIAGNOSTICS
  55  
  56  =item BUGS
  57  
  58  =item NOTES
  59  
  60  =back
  61  
  62  =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
  63  
  64  =over 4
  65  
  66  =item DESCRIPTION
  67  
  68  =over 4
  69  
  70  =item What is Perl?
  71  
  72  =item Running Perl programs
  73  
  74  =item Safety net
  75  
  76  =item Basic syntax overview
  77  
  78  =item Perl variable types
  79  
  80  Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
  81  
  82  =item Variable scoping
  83  
  84  =item Conditional and looping constructs
  85  
  86  if, while, for, foreach
  87  
  88  =item Builtin operators and functions
  89  
  90  Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
  91  Miscellaneous
  92  
  93  =item Files and I/O
  94  
  95  =item Regular expressions
  96  
  97  Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
  98  Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
  99  
 100  =item Writing subroutines
 101  
 102  =item OO Perl
 103  
 104  =item Using Perl modules
 105  
 106  =back
 107  
 108  =item AUTHOR
 109  
 110  =back
 111  
 112  =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
 113  
 114  =over 4
 115  
 116  =item DESCRIPTION
 117  
 118  =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
 119  
 120  =item The Solution
 121  
 122  =item Syntax
 123  
 124  =over 4
 125  
 126  =item Making References
 127  
 128  =item Using References
 129  
 130  =item An Example
 131  
 132  =item Arrow Rule
 133  
 134  =back
 135  
 136  =item Solution
 137  
 138  =item The Rest
 139  
 140  =item Summary
 141  
 142  =item Credits
 143  
 144  =over 4
 145  
 146  =item Distribution Conditions
 147  
 148  =back
 149  
 150  =back
 151  
 152  =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
 153  
 154  =over 4
 155  
 156  =item DESCRIPTION
 157  
 158  arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
 159  more elaborate constructs
 160  
 161  =item REFERENCES
 162  X<reference> X<dereference> X<dereferencing> X<pointer>
 163  
 164  =item COMMON MISTAKES
 165  
 166  =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
 167  X<dereference, precedence> X<dereferencing, precedence>
 168  
 169  =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
 170  
 171  =item DEBUGGING
 172  X<data structure, debugging> X<complex data structure, debugging>
 173  X<AoA, debugging> X<HoA, debugging> X<AoH, debugging> X<HoH, debugging>
 174  X<array of arrays, debugging> X<hash of arrays, debugging>
 175  X<array of hashes, debugging> X<hash of hashes, debugging>
 176  
 177  =item CODE EXAMPLES
 178  
 179  =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
 180  X<array of arrays> X<AoA>
 181  
 182  =over 4
 183  
 184  =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
 185  
 186  =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
 187  
 188  =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
 189  
 190  =back
 191  
 192  =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
 193  X<hash of arrays> X<HoA>
 194  
 195  =over 4
 196  
 197  =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
 198  
 199  =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
 200  
 201  =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
 202  
 203  =back
 204  
 205  =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
 206  X<array of hashes> X<AoH>
 207  
 208  =over 4
 209  
 210  =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
 211  
 212  =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
 213  
 214  =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
 215  
 216  =back
 217  
 218  =item HASHES OF HASHES
 219  X<hass of hashes> X<HoH>
 220  
 221  =over 4
 222  
 223  =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
 224  
 225  =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
 226  
 227  =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
 228  
 229  =back
 230  
 231  =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
 232  X<record> X<structure> X<struct>
 233  
 234  =over 4
 235  
 236  =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
 237  
 238  =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
 239  
 240  =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
 241  
 242  =back
 243  
 244  =item Database Ties
 245  
 246  =item SEE ALSO
 247  
 248  =item AUTHOR
 249  
 250  =back
 251  
 252  =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
 253  
 254  =over 4
 255  
 256  =item DESCRIPTION
 257  
 258  =over 4
 259  
 260  =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
 261  
 262  =item Growing Your Own
 263  
 264  =item Access and Printing
 265  
 266  =item Slices
 267  
 268  =back
 269  
 270  =item SEE ALSO
 271  
 272  =item AUTHOR
 273  
 274  =back
 275  
 276  =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
 277  
 278  =over 4
 279  
 280  =item DESCRIPTION
 281  
 282  =item The Guide
 283  
 284  =over 4
 285  
 286  =item Simple word matching
 287  
 288  =item Using character classes
 289  
 290  =item Matching this or that
 291  
 292  =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
 293  
 294  =item Extracting matches
 295  
 296  =item Matching repetitions
 297  
 298  =item More matching
 299  
 300  =item Search and replace
 301  
 302  =item The split operator
 303  
 304  =back
 305  
 306  =item BUGS
 307  
 308  =item SEE ALSO
 309  
 310  =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
 311  
 312  =over 4
 313  
 314  =item Acknowledgments
 315  
 316  =back
 317  
 318  =back
 319  
 320  =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
 321  
 322  =over 4
 323  
 324  =item DESCRIPTION
 325  
 326  =item Part 1: The basics
 327  
 328  =over 4
 329  
 330  =item Simple word matching
 331  
 332  =item Using character classes
 333  
 334  =item Matching this or that
 335  
 336  =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
 337  
 338  =item Extracting matches
 339  
 340  =item Backreferences
 341  
 342  =item Relative backreferences
 343  
 344  =item Named backreferences
 345  
 346  =item Alternative capture group numbering
 347  
 348  =item Position information
 349  
 350  =item Non-capturing groupings
 351  
 352  =item Matching repetitions
 353  
 354  =item Possessive quantifiers
 355  
 356  =item Building a regexp
 357  
 358  =item Using regular expressions in Perl
 359  
 360  =back
 361  
 362  =item Part 2: Power tools
 363  
 364  =over 4
 365  
 366  =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
 367  
 368  =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
 369  
 370  =item Composing regular expressions at runtime
 371  
 372  =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
 373  
 374  =item Looking ahead and looking behind
 375  
 376  =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
 377  
 378  =item Conditional expressions
 379  
 380  =item Defining named patterns
 381  
 382  =item Recursive patterns
 383  
 384  =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
 385  
 386  =item Backtracking control verbs
 387  
 388  =item Pragmas and debugging
 389  
 390  =back
 391  
 392  =item BUGS
 393  
 394  =item SEE ALSO
 395  
 396  =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
 397  
 398  =over 4
 399  
 400  =item Acknowledgments
 401  
 402  =back
 403  
 404  =back
 405  
 406  =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
 407  
 408  =over 4
 409  
 410  =item DESCRIPTION
 411  
 412  =over 4
 413  
 414  =item If we could talk to the animals...
 415  
 416  =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
 417  
 418  =item Invoking a barnyard
 419  
 420  =item The extra parameter of method invocation
 421  
 422  =item Calling a second method to simplify things
 423  
 424  =item Inheriting the windpipes
 425  
 426  =item A few notes about @ISA
 427  
 428  =item Overriding the methods
 429  
 430  =item Starting the search from a different place
 431  
 432  =item The SUPER way of doing things
 433  
 434  =item Where we're at so far...
 435  
 436  =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
 437  
 438  =item Invoking an instance method
 439  
 440  =item Accessing the instance data
 441  
 442  =item How to build a horse
 443  
 444  =item Inheriting the constructor
 445  
 446  =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
 447  
 448  =item Adding parameters to a method
 449  
 450  =item More interesting instances
 451  
 452  =item A horse of a different color
 453  
 454  =item Summary
 455  
 456  =back
 457  
 458  =item SEE ALSO
 459  
 460  =item COPYRIGHT
 461  
 462  =back
 463  
 464  =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
 465  
 466  =over 4
 467  
 468  =item DESCRIPTION
 469  
 470  =item Creating a Class
 471  
 472  =over 4
 473  
 474  =item Object Representation
 475  
 476  =item Class Interface
 477  
 478  =item Constructors and Instance Methods
 479  
 480  =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
 481  
 482  =item Destructors
 483  
 484  =item Other Object Methods
 485  
 486  =back
 487  
 488  =item Class Data
 489  
 490  =over 4
 491  
 492  =item Accessing Class Data
 493  
 494  =item Debugging Methods
 495  
 496  =item Class Destructors
 497  
 498  =item Documenting the Interface
 499  
 500  =back
 501  
 502  =item Aggregation
 503  
 504  =item Inheritance
 505  
 506  =over 4
 507  
 508  =item Overridden Methods
 509  
 510  =item Multiple Inheritance
 511  
 512  =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
 513  
 514  =item Deeper UNIVERSAL details
 515  
 516  =back
 517  
 518  =item Alternate Object Representations
 519  
 520  =over 4
 521  
 522  =item Arrays as Objects
 523  
 524  =item Closures as Objects
 525  
 526  =back
 527  
 528  =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
 529  
 530  =over 4
 531  
 532  =item Autoloaded Data Methods
 533  
 534  =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
 535  
 536  =back
 537  
 538  =item Metaclassical Tools
 539  
 540  =over 4
 541  
 542  =item Class::Struct
 543  
 544  =item Data Members as Variables
 545  
 546  =back
 547  
 548  =item NOTES
 549  
 550  =over 4
 551  
 552  =item Object Terminology
 553  
 554  =back
 555  
 556  =item SEE ALSO
 557  
 558  =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
 559  
 560  =item COPYRIGHT
 561  
 562  =over 4
 563  
 564  =item Acknowledgments
 565  
 566  =back
 567  
 568  =back
 569  
 570  =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
 571  
 572  =over 4
 573  
 574  =item DESCRIPTION
 575  
 576  =item Class Data in a Can
 577  
 578  =item Class Data as Package Variables
 579  
 580  =over 4
 581  
 582  =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
 583  
 584  =item Inheritance Concerns
 585  
 586  =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
 587  
 588  =item Indirect References to Class Data
 589  
 590  =item Monadic Classes
 591  
 592  =item Translucent Attributes
 593  
 594  =back
 595  
 596  =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
 597  
 598  =over 4
 599  
 600  =item Privacy and Responsibility 
 601  
 602  =item File-Scoped Lexicals
 603  
 604  =item More Inheritance Concerns
 605  
 606  =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
 607  
 608  =item Translucency Revisited
 609  
 610  =back
 611  
 612  =item NOTES
 613  
 614  =item SEE ALSO
 615  
 616  =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
 617  
 618  =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
 619  
 620  =item HISTORY
 621  
 622  =back
 623  
 624  =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
 625  
 626  =over 4
 627  
 628  =item DESCRIPTION
 629  
 630  =item OO SCALING TIPS
 631  
 632  =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
 633  
 634  =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
 635  
 636  =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
 637  
 638  =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
 639  
 640  =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
 641  
 642  =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
 643  
 644  =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
 645  
 646  =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
 647  
 648  =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
 649  
 650  =item DELEGATION
 651  
 652  =item SEE ALSO
 653  
 654  =back
 655  
 656  =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
 657  
 658  =over 4
 659  
 660  =item DESCRIPTION
 661  
 662  =back
 663  
 664  =head2 perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet
 665  
 666  =over 4
 667  
 668  =item DESCRIPTION
 669  
 670  =over 4
 671  
 672  =item The sheet
 673  
 674  =back
 675  
 676  =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
 677  
 678  =item AUTHOR
 679  
 680  =item SEE ALSO
 681  
 682  =back
 683  
 684  =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
 685  
 686  =over 4
 687  
 688  =item DESCRIPTION
 689  
 690  =over 4
 691  
 692  =item Awk Traps
 693  
 694  =item C/C++ Traps
 695  
 696  =item Sed Traps
 697  
 698  =item Shell Traps
 699  
 700  =item Perl Traps
 701  
 702  =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
 703  
 704  Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
 705  Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
 706  Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
 707  Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
 708  
 709  =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
 710  
 711  Symbols starting with "_" no longer forced into main, Double-colon valid
 712  package separator in variable name, 2nd and 3rd args to C<splice()> are now
 713  in scalar context, Can't do C<goto> into a block that is optimized away,
 714  Can't use whitespace as variable name or quote delimiter, C<while/if BLOCK
 715  BLOCK> gone, C<**> binds tighter than unary minus, C<foreach> changed when
 716  iterating over a list, C<split> with no args behavior changed, B<-e>
 717  behavior fixed, C<push> returns number of elements in resulting list, Some
 718  error messages differ, C<split()> honors subroutine args, Bugs removed
 719  
 720  =item Parsing Traps
 721  
 722  Space between . and = triggers syntax error, Better parsing in perl 5,
 723  Function parsing, String interpolation of C<$#array> differs, Perl guesses
 724  on C<map>, C<grep> followed by C<{> if it starts BLOCK or hash ref
 725  
 726  =item Numerical Traps
 727  
 728  Formatted output and significant digits, Auto-increment operator over
 729  signed int limit deleted, Assignment of return values from numeric equality
 730  tests doesn't work, Bitwise string ops
 731  
 732  =item General data type traps
 733  
 734  Negative array subscripts now count from the end of array, Setting
 735  C<$#array> lower now discards array elements, Hashes get defined before
 736  use, Glob assignment from localized variable to variable, Assigning
 737  C<undef> to glob, Changes in unary negation (of strings), Modifying of
 738  constants prohibited, C<defined $var> behavior changed, Variable Suicide
 739  
 740  =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
 741  
 742  Elements of argument lists for formats evaluated in list context,
 743  C<caller()> returns false value in scalar context if no caller present,
 744  Comma operator in scalar context gives scalar context to args, C<sprintf()>
 745  prototyped as C<($;@)>
 746  
 747  =item Precedence Traps
 748  
 749  LHS vs. RHS of any assignment operator, Semantic errors introduced due to
 750  precedence, Precedence of assignment operators same as the precedence of
 751  assignment, C<open> requires parentheses around filehandle, C<$:>
 752  precedence over C<$::> gone, Precedence of file test operators documented,
 753  C<keys>, C<each>, C<values> are regular named unary operators
 754  
 755  =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
 756  
 757  C<s'$lhs'$rhs'> interpolates on either side, C<m//g> attaches its state to
 758  the searched string, C<m//o> used within an anonymous sub, C<$+> isn't set
 759  to whole match, Substitution now returns null string if it fails,
 760  C<s`lhs`rhs`> is now a normal substitution, Stricter parsing of variables
 761  in regular expressions, C<m?x?> matches only once, Failed matches don't
 762  reset the match variables
 763  
 764  =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
 765  
 766  Barewords that used to look like strings look like subroutine calls,
 767  Reverse is no longer allowed as the name of a sort subroutine, C<warn()>
 768  won't let you specify a filehandle
 769  
 770  =item OS Traps
 771  
 772  SysV resets signal handler correctly, SysV C<seek()> appends correctly
 773  
 774  =item Interpolation Traps
 775  
 776  C<@> always interpolates an array in double-quotish strings, Double-quoted
 777  strings may no longer end with an unescaped $, Arbitrary expressions are
 778  evaluated inside braces within double quotes, C<$$x> now tries to
 779  dereference $x, Creation of hashes on the fly with C<eval "EXPR"> requires
 780  protection, Bugs in earlier perl versions, Array and hash brackets during
 781  interpolation, Interpolation of C<\$$foo{bar}>, C<qq()> string passed to
 782  C<eval> will not find string terminator
 783  
 784  =item DBM Traps
 785  
 786  Perl5 must have been linked with same dbm/ndbm as the default for
 787  C<dbmopen()>, DBM exceeding limit on the key/value size will cause perl5 to
 788  exit immediately
 789  
 790  =item Unclassified Traps
 791  
 792  C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
 793  LIMIT specified
 794  
 795  =back
 796  
 797  =back
 798  
 799  =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
 800  
 801  =over 4
 802  
 803  =item DESCRIPTION
 804  
 805  =item use strict
 806  
 807  =item Looking at data and -w and v
 808  
 809  =item help
 810  
 811  =item Stepping through code
 812  
 813  =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
 814  
 815  =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
 816  
 817  =item OUTPUT TIPS
 818  
 819  =item CGI
 820  
 821  =item GUIs
 822  
 823  =item SUMMARY
 824  
 825  =item SEE ALSO
 826  
 827  =item AUTHOR
 828  
 829  =item CONTRIBUTORS
 830  
 831  =back
 832  
 833  =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl
 834  
 835  =over 4
 836  
 837  =item DESCRIPTION
 838  
 839  =over 4
 840  
 841  =item Where to get the perlfaq
 842  
 843  =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
 844  
 845  =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
 846  authors?
 847  
 848  =back
 849  
 850  =item CREDITS
 851  
 852  =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
 853  
 854  =item Table of Contents
 855  
 856  perlfaq  - this document, perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2
 857  - Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4
 858  - Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular
 859  Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System
 860  Interaction, perlfaq9 - Networking
 861  
 862  =item The Questions
 863  
 864  =over 4
 865  
 866  =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
 867  
 868  =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
 869  
 870  =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
 871  
 872  =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
 873  
 874  =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
 875  
 876  =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
 877  
 878  =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
 879  
 880  =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
 881  
 882  =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
 883  
 884  =back
 885  
 886  =back
 887  
 888  =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl
 889  
 890  =over 4
 891  
 892  =item DESCRIPTION
 893  
 894  =over 4
 895  
 896  =item What is Perl?
 897  
 898  =item Who supports Perl?  Who develops it?  Why is it free?
 899  
 900  =item Which version of Perl should I use?
 901  
 902  =item What are Perl 4, Perl 5, or Perl 6?
 903  
 904  =item What was Ponie?
 905  
 906  =item What is Perl 6?
 907  
 908  =item How stable is Perl?
 909  
 910  =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
 911  
 912  =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
 913  Scheme, or Tcl?
 914  
 915  =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
 916  
 917  =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
 918  
 919  =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
 920  
 921  =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
 922  
 923  =item What is a JAPH?
 924  
 925  =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
 926  
 927  =item How can I convince others to use Perl?
 928  
 929  http://perltraining.com.au/whyperl.html,
 930  http://www.perl.org/advocacy/whyperl.html
 931  
 932  =back
 933  
 934  =item REVISION
 935  
 936  =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
 937  
 938  =back
 939  
 940  =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl
 941  
 942  =over 4
 943  
 944  =item DESCRIPTION
 945  
 946  =over 4
 947  
 948  =item What machines support perl?  Where do I get it?
 949  
 950  =item How can I get a binary version of perl?
 951  
 952  =item I don't have a C compiler. How can I build my own Perl interpreter?
 953  
 954  =item I copied the perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
 955  don't work.
 956  
 957  =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
 958  loading/malloc/linking/... failed.  How do I make it work?
 959  
 960  =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl?  What is CPAN? 
 961  What does CPAN/src/... mean?
 962  
 963  =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
 964  
 965  =item Where can I get information on Perl?
 966  
 967  =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet?  Where do I post questions?
 968  
 969  =item Where should I post source code?
 970  
 971  =item Perl Books
 972  
 973  References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
 974  
 975  =item Which magazines have Perl content?
 976  
 977  =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
 978  
 979  =item Where are the archives for comp.lang.perl.misc?
 980  
 981  =item Where can I buy a commercial version of perl?
 982  
 983  =item Where do I send bug reports?
 984  
 985  =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
 986  
 987  =back
 988  
 989  =item REVISION
 990  
 991  =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
 992  
 993  =back
 994  
 995  =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools
 996  
 997  =over 4
 998  
 999  =item DESCRIPTION
1000  
1001  =over 4
1002  
1003  =item How do I do (anything)?
1004  
1005  =item How can I use Perl interactively?
1006  
1007  =item Is there a Perl shell?
1008  
1009  =item How do I find which modules are installed on my system?
1010  
1011  =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
1012  
1013  =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
1014  
1015  =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
1016  
1017  =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
1018  
1019  =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
1020  
1021  =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
1022  
1023  Eclipse, Enginsite, Komodo, Open Perl IDE, OptiPerl, PerlBuilder,
1024  visiPerl+, Visual Perl, Zeus, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Elvis,
1025  Vile, Vim, Codewright, MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, Affrus,
1026  Alpha, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite
1027  
1028  =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
1029  
1030  =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
1031  
1032  =item How can I use curses with Perl?
1033  
1034  =item How can I write a GUI (X, Tk, Gtk, etc.) in Perl?
1035  X<GUI> X<Tk> X<Wx> X<WxWidgets> X<Gtk> X<Gtk2> X<CamelBones> X<Qt>
1036  
1037  Tk, Wx, Gtk and Gtk2, Win32::GUI, CamelBones, Qt, Athena
1038  
1039  =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
1040  
1041  =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
1042  
1043  Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
1044  stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
1045  
1046  =item Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data?
1047  
1048  =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
1049  
1050  =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
1051  
1052  =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
1053  
1054  =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
1055  
1056  =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
1057  
1058  =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
1059  
1060  =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
1061  
1062  =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
1063  
1064  =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
1065  
1066  =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl?
1067  
1068  =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in my C
1069  program; what am I doing wrong?
1070  
1071  =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
1072  
1073  =item What's MakeMaker?
1074  
1075  =back
1076  
1077  =item REVISION
1078  
1079  =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1080  
1081  =back
1082  
1083  =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation
1084  
1085  =over 4
1086  
1087  =item DESCRIPTION
1088  
1089  =item Data: Numbers
1090  
1091  =over 4
1092  
1093  =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
1094  numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
1095  
1096  =item Why is int() broken?
1097  
1098  =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
1099  
1100  =item Does Perl have a round() function?  What about ceil() and floor()? 
1101  Trig functions?
1102  
1103  =item How do I convert between numeric representations/bases/radixes?
1104  
1105  How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
1106  hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
1107  decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
1108  from decimal to binary
1109  
1110  =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
1111  
1112  =item How do I multiply matrices?
1113  
1114  =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
1115  
1116  =item How can I output Roman numerals?
1117  
1118  =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
1119  
1120  =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
1121  
1122  =back
1123  
1124  =item Data: Dates
1125  
1126  =over 4
1127  
1128  =item How do I find the day or week of the year?
1129  
1130  =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
1131  
1132  =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
1133  
1134  =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
1135  
1136  =item How can I find the Julian Day?
1137  
1138  =item How do I find yesterday's date?
1139  
1140  =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
1141  
1142  =back
1143  
1144  =item Data: Strings
1145  
1146  =over 4
1147  
1148  =item How do I validate input?
1149  
1150  =item How do I unescape a string?
1151  
1152  =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
1153  
1154  =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
1155  
1156  =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
1157  
1158  =item How do I reverse a string?
1159  
1160  =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
1161  
1162  =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
1163  
1164  =item How can I access or change N characters of a string?
1165  
1166  =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
1167  
1168  =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
1169  string?
1170  
1171  =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
1172  
1173  =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
1174  [character]?
1175  
1176  =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
1177  
1178  =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
1179  
1180  =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
1181  
1182  =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
1183  
1184  =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
1185  
1186  =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
1187  
1188  =item Why don't my E<lt>E<lt>HERE documents work?
1189  
1190  There must be no space after the E<lt>E<lt> part, There (probably) should
1191  be a semicolon at the end, You can't (easily) have any space in front of
1192  the tag
1193  
1194  =back
1195  
1196  =item Data: Arrays
1197  
1198  =over 4
1199  
1200  =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
1201  
1202  =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
1203  
1204  =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
1205  
1206  =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
1207  array?
1208  
1209  =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays?  How do I compute the
1210  intersection of two arrays?
1211  
1212  =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
1213  
1214  =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
1215  
1216  =item How do I handle linked lists?
1217  
1218  =item How do I handle circular lists?
1219  
1220  =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
1221  
1222  =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
1223  
1224  =item How do I select a random element from an array?
1225  
1226  =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
1227  X<List::Permuter> X<permute> X<Algorithm::Loops> X<Knuth>
1228  X<The Art of Computer Programming> X<Fischer-Krause>
1229  
1230  =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
1231  
1232  =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
1233  
1234  =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
1235  
1236  =back
1237  
1238  =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
1239  
1240  =over 4
1241  
1242  =item How do I process an entire hash?
1243  
1244  =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
1245  it?
1246  
1247  =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
1248  
1249  =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
1250  
1251  =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
1252  
1253  =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
1254  X<hash tie sort DB_File Tie::IxHash>
1255  
1256  =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
1257  
1258  =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
1259  
1260  =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
1261  
1262  =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
1263  
1264  =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
1265  
1266  =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
1267  
1268  =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
1269  it?
1270  
1271  =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
1272  array of hashes or arrays?
1273  
1274  =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
1275  
1276  =back
1277  
1278  =item Data: Misc
1279  
1280  =over 4
1281  
1282  =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
1283  
1284  =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
1285  
1286  =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
1287  
1288  =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
1289  
1290  =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
1291  
1292  =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
1293  
1294  =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
1295  
1296  =back
1297  
1298  =item REVISION
1299  
1300  =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1301  
1302  =back
1303  
1304  =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats
1305  
1306  =over 4
1307  
1308  =item DESCRIPTION
1309  
1310  =over 4
1311  
1312  =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle?  Why must I do this?
1313  X<flush> X<buffer> X<unbuffer> X<autoflush>
1314  
1315  =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
1316  X<file, counting lines> X<lines> X<line>
1317  
1318  =item How can I use Perl's C<-i> option from within a program?
1319  X<-i> X<in-place>
1320  
1321  =item How can I copy a file?
1322  X<copy> X<file, copy>
1323  
1324  =item How do I make a temporary file name?
1325  X<file, temporary>
1326  
1327  =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
1328  X<fixed-length> X<file, fixed-length records>
1329  
1330  =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine?  How do I pass
1331  filehandles between subroutines?  How do I make an array of filehandles?
1332  X<filehandle, local> X<filehandle, passing> X<filehandle, reference>
1333  
1334  =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
1335  X<filehandle, indirect>
1336  
1337  =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
1338  X<footer>
1339  
1340  =item How can I write() into a string?
1341  X<write, into a string>
1342  
1343  =item How can I open a filehandle to a string?
1344  X<string>, X<open>, X<IO::Scalar>, X<filehandle>
1345  
1346  =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
1347  X<tilde> X<tilde expansion>
1348  
1349  =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
1350  X<clobber> X<read-write> X<clobbering> X<truncate> X<truncating>
1351  
1352  =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use
1353  E<lt>*E<gt>?
1354  X<argument list too long>
1355  
1356  =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
1357  X<glob>
1358  
1359  =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
1360  X<filename, special characters>
1361  
1362  =item How can I reliably rename a file?
1363  X<rename> X<mv> X<move> X<file, rename> X<ren>
1364  
1365  =item How can I lock a file?
1366  X<lock> X<file, lock> X<flock>
1367  
1368  =item Why can't I just open(FH, "E<gt>file.lock")?
1369  X<lock, lockfile race condition>
1370  
1371  =item I still don't get locking.  I just want to increment the number in
1372  the file.  How can I do this?
1373  X<counter> X<file, counter>
1374  
1375  =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
1376  file.  Do I still have to use locking?
1377  X<append> X<file, append>
1378  
1379  =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
1380  X<file, binary patch>
1381  
1382  =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
1383  X<timestamp> X<file, timestamp>
1384  
1385  =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
1386  X<timestamp> X<file, timestamp>
1387  
1388  =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
1389  X<print, to multiple files>
1390  
1391  =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
1392  X<slurp> X<file, slurping>
1393  
1394  =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
1395  X<file, reading by paragraphs>
1396  
1397  =item How can I read a single character from a file?  From the keyboard?
1398  X<getc> X<file, reading one character at a time>
1399  
1400  =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
1401  
1402  =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
1403  X<tail> X<IO::Handle> X<File::Tail> X<clearerr>
1404  
1405  =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
1406  X<dup>
1407  
1408  =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
1409  X<file, closing file descriptors> X<POSIX> X<close>
1410  
1411  =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths?  Why doesn't
1412  `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
1413  X<filename, DOS issues>
1414  
1415  =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
1416  X<glob>
1417  
1418  =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files?  Why does C<-i> clobber
1419  protected files?  Isn't this a bug in Perl?
1420  
1421  =item How do I select a random line from a file?
1422  X<file, selecting a random line>
1423  
1424  =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
1425  
1426  =back
1427  
1428  =item REVISION
1429  
1430  =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1431  
1432  =back
1433  
1434  =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions
1435  
1436  =over 4
1437  
1438  =item DESCRIPTION
1439  
1440  =over 4
1441  
1442  =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
1443  and unmaintainable code?
1444  X<regex, legibility> X<regexp, legibility>
1445  X<regular expression, legibility> X</x>
1446  
1447  Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
1448  
1449  =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line.  What's wrong?
1450  X<regex, multiline> X<regexp, multiline> X<regular expression, multiline>
1451  
1452  =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
1453  different lines?
1454  X<..>
1455  
1456  =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
1457  X<$/, regexes in> X<$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, regexes in>
1458  X<$RS, regexes in>
1459  
1460  =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
1461  case on the RHS?
1462  X<replace, case preserving> X<substitute, case preserving>
1463  X<substitution, case preserving> X<s, case preserving>
1464  
1465  =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
1466  X<\w>
1467  
1468  =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
1469  X<alpha>
1470  
1471  =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
1472  X<regex, escaping> X<regexp, escaping> X<regular expression, escaping>
1473  
1474  =item What is C</o> really for?
1475  X</o, regular expressions> X<compile, regular expressions>
1476  
1477  =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
1478  file?
1479  
1480  =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
1481  X<regex, matching balanced test> X<regexp, matching balanced test>
1482  X<regular expression, matching balanced test>
1483  
1484  =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy?  How can I get around it?
1485  X<greedy> X<greediness>
1486  
1487  =item How do I process each word on each line?
1488  X<word>
1489  
1490  =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
1491  
1492  =item How can I do approximate matching?
1493  X<match, approximate> X<matching, approximate>
1494  
1495  =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
1496  X<regex, efficiency> X<regexp, efficiency>
1497  X<regular expression, efficiency>
1498  
1499  =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
1500  X<\b>
1501  
1502  =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
1503  X<$MATCH> X<$&> X<$POSTMATCH> X<$'> X<$PREMATCH> X<$`>
1504  
1505  =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
1506  X<\G>
1507  
1508  =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs?  Are they POSIX compliant?
1509  X<DFA> X<NFA> X<POSIX>
1510  
1511  =item What's wrong with using grep in a void context?
1512  X<grep>
1513  
1514  =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
1515  X<regex, and multibyte characters> X<regexp, and multibyte characters>
1516  X<regular expression, and multibyte characters> X<martian> X<encoding,
1517  Martian>
1518  
1519  =item How do I match a regular expression that's in a variable?
1520  X<regex, in variable> X<eval> X<regex> X<quotemeta> X<\Q, regex>
1521  X<\E, regex>, X<qr//>
1522  
1523  =back
1524  
1525  =item REVISION
1526  
1527  =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1528  
1529  =back
1530  
1531  =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues
1532  
1533  =over 4
1534  
1535  =item DESCRIPTION
1536  
1537  =over 4
1538  
1539  =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
1540  
1541  =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
1542  use them?
1543  
1544  =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
1545  commas?
1546  
1547  =item How do I skip some return values?
1548  
1549  =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
1550  
1551  =item What's an extension?
1552  
1553  =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
1554  
1555  =item How do I declare/create a structure?
1556  
1557  =item How do I create a module?
1558  
1559  =item How do I adopt or take over a module already on CPAN?
1560  
1561  =item How do I create a class?
1562  
1563  =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
1564  
1565  =item What's a closure?
1566  
1567  =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
1568  
1569  =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
1570  Regex}?
1571  
1572  Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
1573  Passing Methods
1574  
1575  =item How do I create a static variable?
1576  
1577  =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? 
1578  Between local() and my()?
1579  
1580  =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
1581  is in scope?
1582  
1583  =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
1584  
1585  =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = E<lt>FILEE<gt>;" work right?
1586  
1587  =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
1588  
1589  =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
1590  
1591  =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
1592  
1593  =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or
1594  methods?
1595  
1596  =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
1597  
1598  =item How can I find out my current package?
1599  
1600  =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
1601  
1602  =item How do I clear a package?
1603  
1604  =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
1605  
1606  =item What does "bad interpreter" mean?
1607  
1608  =back
1609  
1610  =item REVISION
1611  
1612  =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1613  
1614  =back
1615  
1616  =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction
1617  
1618  =over 4
1619  
1620  =item DESCRIPTION
1621  
1622  =over 4
1623  
1624  =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
1625  
1626  =item How come exec() doesn't return?
1627  
1628  =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
1629  
1630  Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
1631  
1632  =item How do I print something out in color?
1633  
1634  =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
1635  
1636  =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
1637  
1638  =item How do I clear the screen?
1639  
1640  =item How do I get the screen size?
1641  
1642  =item How do I ask the user for a password?
1643  
1644  =item How do I read and write the serial port?
1645  
1646  lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
1647  
1648  =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
1649  
1650  =item How do I start a process in the background?
1651  
1652  STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
1653  
1654  =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
1655  
1656  =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
1657  
1658  =item How do I set the time and date?
1659  
1660  =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
1661  X<Time::HiRes> X<BSD::Itimer> X<sleep> X<select>
1662  
1663  =item How can I measure time under a second?
1664  X<Time::HiRes> X<BSD::Itimer> X<sleep> X<select>
1665  
1666  =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
1667  
1668  =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)?  What
1669  does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
1670  
1671  =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
1672  
1673  =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
1674  
1675  =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
1676  
1677  =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
1678  
1679  =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
1680  
1681  =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
1682  
1683  =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
1684  
1685  =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
1686  
1687  =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
1688  
1689  =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
1690  ^Z on MS-DOS)?
1691  
1692  =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
1693  
1694  =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
1695  
1696  =item How can I write expect in Perl?
1697  
1698  =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
1699  "ps"?
1700  
1701  =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script.    How
1702  come the change disappeared when I exited the script?  How do I get my
1703  changes to be visible?
1704  
1705  Unix
1706  
1707  =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
1708  complete?
1709  
1710  =item How do I fork a daemon process?
1711  
1712  =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
1713  
1714  =item How do I timeout a slow event?
1715  
1716  =item How do I set CPU limits?
1717  X<BSD::Resource> X<limit> X<CPU>
1718  
1719  =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
1720  
1721  =item How do I use an SQL database?
1722  
1723  =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
1724  
1725  =item How do I open a file without blocking?
1726  
1727  =item How do I tell the difference between errors from the shell and perl?
1728  
1729  =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
1730  
1731  =item What's the difference between require and use?
1732  
1733  =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
1734  
1735  =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
1736  search path?
1737  
1738  =item How do I add a directory to my include path (@INC) at runtime?
1739  
1740  the PERLLIB environment variable, the PERL5LIB environment variable, the
1741  perl -Idir command line flag, the use lib pragma:
1742  
1743  =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
1744  
1745  =back
1746  
1747  =item REVISION
1748  
1749  =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1750  
1751  =back
1752  
1753  =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking
1754  
1755  =over 4
1756  
1757  =item DESCRIPTION
1758  
1759  =over 4
1760  
1761  =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
1762  
1763  =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser.  (500
1764  Server Error)
1765  
1766  =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
1767  
1768  =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
1769  
1770  =item How do I extract URLs?
1771  
1772  =item How do I download a file from the user's machine?  How do I open a
1773  file on another machine?
1774  
1775  =item How do I make an HTML pop-up menu with Perl?
1776  
1777  =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
1778  
1779  =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
1780  
1781  =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
1782  
1783  =item How do I redirect to another page?
1784  
1785  =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
1786  
1787  =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
1788  
1789  =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
1790  CGI script to do bad things?
1791  
1792  =item How do I parse a mail header?
1793  
1794  =item How do I decode a CGI form?
1795  
1796  =item How do I check a valid mail address?
1797  
1798  =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
1799  
1800  =item How do I return the user's mail address?
1801  
1802  =item How do I send mail?
1803  
1804  =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
1805  
1806  =item How do I read mail?
1807  
1808  =item How do I find out my hostname, domainname, or IP address?
1809  X<hostname, domainname, IP address, host, domain, hostfqdn, inet_ntoa,
1810  gethostbyname, Socket, Net::Domain, Sys::Hostname>
1811  
1812  =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
1813  
1814  =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
1815  
1816  =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
1817  
1818  =back
1819  
1820  =item REVISION
1821  
1822  =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1823  
1824  =back
1825  
1826  =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
1827  
1828  =over 4
1829  
1830  =item DESCRIPTION
1831  
1832  =over 4
1833  
1834  =item Declarations
1835  X<declaration> X<undef> X<undefined> X<uninitialized>
1836  
1837  =item Comments
1838  X<comment> X<#>
1839  
1840  =item Simple Statements
1841  X<statement> X<semicolon> X<expression> X<;>
1842  
1843  =item Truth and Falsehood
1844  X<truth> X<falsehood> X<true> X<false> X<!> X<not> X<negation> X<0>
1845  
1846  =item Statement Modifiers
1847  X<statement modifier> X<modifier> X<if> X<unless> X<while>
1848  X<until> X<foreach> X<for>
1849  
1850  =item Compound Statements
1851  X<statement, compound> X<block> X<bracket, curly> X<curly bracket> X<brace>
1852  X<{> X<}> X<if> X<unless> X<while> X<until> X<foreach> X<for> X<continue>
1853  
1854  =item Loop Control
1855  X<loop control> X<loop, control> X<next> X<last> X<redo> X<continue>
1856  
1857  =item For Loops
1858  X<for> X<foreach>
1859  
1860  =item Foreach Loops
1861  X<for> X<foreach>
1862  
1863  =item Basic BLOCKs
1864  X<block>
1865  
1866  =item Switch statements
1867  X<switch> X<case> X<given> X<when> X<default>
1868  
1869  o, o, o, o, o, o, o
1870  
1871  =item Goto
1872  X<goto>
1873  
1874  =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
1875  X<POD> X<documentation>
1876  
1877  =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
1878  X<comment> X<line> X<#> X<preprocessor> X<eval>
1879  
1880  =back
1881  
1882  =back
1883  
1884  =head2 perldata - Perl data types
1885  
1886  =over 4
1887  
1888  =item DESCRIPTION
1889  
1890  =over 4
1891  
1892  =item Variable names
1893  X<variable, name> X<variable name> X<data type> X<type>
1894  
1895  =item Context
1896  X<context> X<scalar context> X<list context>
1897  
1898  =item Scalar values
1899  X<scalar> X<number> X<string> X<reference>
1900  
1901  =item Scalar value constructors
1902  X<scalar, literal> X<scalar, constant>
1903  
1904  =item List value constructors
1905  X<list>
1906  
1907  =item Subscripts
1908  
1909  =item Slices
1910  X<slice> X<array, slice> X<hash, slice>
1911  
1912  =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
1913  X<typeglob> X<filehandle> X<*>
1914  
1915  =back
1916  
1917  =item SEE ALSO
1918  
1919  =back
1920  
1921  =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
1922  
1923  =over 4
1924  
1925  =item DESCRIPTION
1926  
1927  =over 4
1928  
1929  =item Operator Precedence and Associativity
1930  X<operator, precedence> X<precedence> X<associativity>
1931  
1932  =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
1933  X<list operator> X<operator, list> X<term>
1934  
1935  =item The Arrow Operator
1936  X<arrow> X<dereference> X<< -> >>
1937  
1938  =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
1939  X<increment> X<auto-increment> X<++> X<decrement> X<auto-decrement> X<-->
1940  
1941  =item Exponentiation
1942  X<**> X<exponentiation> X<power>
1943  
1944  =item Symbolic Unary Operators
1945  X<unary operator> X<operator, unary>
1946  
1947  =item Binding Operators
1948  X<binding> X<operator, binding> X<=~> X<!~>
1949  
1950  =item Multiplicative Operators
1951  X<operator, multiplicative>
1952  
1953  =item Additive Operators
1954  X<operator, additive>
1955  
1956  =item Shift Operators
1957  X<shift operator> X<operator, shift> X<<< << >>>
1958  X<<< >> >>> X<right shift> X<left shift> X<bitwise shift>
1959  X<shl> X<shr> X<shift, right> X<shift, left>
1960  
1961  =item Named Unary Operators
1962  X<operator, named unary>
1963  
1964  =item Relational Operators
1965  X<relational operator> X<operator, relational>
1966  
1967  =item Equality Operators
1968  X<equality> X<equal> X<equals> X<operator, equality>
1969  
1970  =item Bitwise And
1971  X<operator, bitwise, and> X<bitwise and> X<&>
1972  
1973  =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
1974  X<operator, bitwise, or> X<bitwise or> X<|> X<operator, bitwise, xor>
1975  X<bitwise xor> X<^>
1976  
1977  =item C-style Logical And
1978  X<&&> X<logical and> X<operator, logical, and>
1979  
1980  =item C-style Logical Or
1981  X<||> X<operator, logical, or>
1982  
1983  =item C-style Logical Defined-Or
1984  X<//> X<operator, logical, defined-or>
1985  
1986  =item Range Operators
1987  X<operator, range> X<range> X<..> X<...>
1988  
1989  =item Conditional Operator
1990  X<operator, conditional> X<operator, ternary> X<ternary> X<?:>
1991  
1992  =item Assignment Operators
1993  X<assignment> X<operator, assignment> X<=> X<**=> X<+=> X<*=> X<&=>
1994  X<<< <<= >>> X<&&=> X<-=> X</=> X<|=> X<<< >>= >>> X<||=> X<//=> X<.=>
1995  X<%=> X<^=> X<x=>
1996  
1997  =item Comma Operator
1998  X<comma> X<operator, comma> X<,>
1999  
2000  =item List Operators (Rightward)
2001  X<operator, list, rightward> X<list operator>
2002  
2003  =item Logical Not
2004  X<operator, logical, not> X<not>
2005  
2006  =item Logical And
2007  X<operator, logical, and> X<and>
2008  
2009  =item Logical or, Defined or, and Exclusive Or
2010  X<operator, logical, or> X<operator, logical, xor>
2011  X<operator, logical, defined or> X<operator, logical, exclusive or>
2012  X<or> X<xor>
2013  
2014  =item C Operators Missing From Perl
2015  X<operator, missing from perl> X<&> X<*>
2016  X<typecasting> X<(TYPE)>
2017  
2018  unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
2019  
2020  =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
2021  X<operator, quote> X<operator, quote-like> X<q> X<qq> X<qx> X<qw> X<m>
2022  X<qr> X<s> X<tr> X<'> X<''> X<"> X<""> X<//> X<`> X<``> X<<< << >>>
2023  X<escape sequence> X<escape>
2024  
2025  =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
2026  X<operator, regexp>
2027  
2028  qr/STRING/msixpo X<qr> X</i> X</m> X</o> X</s> X</x> X</p>,
2029  m/PATTERN/msixpogc X<m> X<operator, match> X<regexp, options> X<regexp>
2030  X<regex, options> X<regex> X</m> X</s> X</i> X</x> X</p> X</o> X</g> X</c>,
2031  /PATTERN/msixpogc, ?PATTERN? X<?>, s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/msixpogce
2032  X<substitute> X<substitution> X<replace> X<regexp, replace> X<regexp,
2033  substitute> X</m> X</s> X</i> X</x> X</p> X</o> X</g> X</c> X</e>
2034  
2035  =item Quote-Like Operators
2036  X<operator, quote-like>
2037  
2038  q/STRING/ X<q> X<quote, single> X<'> X<''>, 'STRING', qq/STRING/ X<qq>
2039  X<quote, double> X<"> X<"">, "STRING", qx/STRING/ X<qx> X<`> X<``>
2040  X<backtick>, `STRING`, qw/STRING/ X<qw> X<quote, list> X<quote, words>,
2041  tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds X<tr> X<y> X<transliterate> X</c> X</d>
2042  X</s>, y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF X<here-doc> X<heredoc>
2043  X<here-document> X<<< << >>>, Double Quotes, Single Quotes, Backticks
2044  
2045  =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
2046  X<quote, gory details>
2047  
2048  Finding the end, Interpolation X<interpolation>, C<<<'EOF'>,  C<m''>, the
2049  pattern of C<s'''>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<tr'''>, C<y'''>, the replacement of
2050  C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<"">, C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob>
2051  >>, C<<<"EOF">, the replacement of C<s///>, C<RE> in C<?RE?>, C</RE/>,
2052  C<m/RE/>, C<s/RE/foo/>,, parsing regular expressions X<regexp, parse>,
2053  Optimization of regular expressions X<regexp, optimization>
2054  
2055  =item I/O Operators
2056  X<operator, i/o> X<operator, io> X<io> X<while> X<filehandle>
2057  X<< <> >> X<@ARGV>
2058  
2059  =item Constant Folding
2060  X<constant folding> X<folding>
2061  
2062  =item No-ops
2063  X<no-op> X<nop>
2064  
2065  =item Bitwise String Operators
2066  X<operator, bitwise, string>
2067  
2068  =item Integer Arithmetic
2069  X<integer>
2070  
2071  =item Floating-point Arithmetic
2072  X<floating-point> X<floating point> X<float> X<real>
2073  
2074  =item Bigger Numbers
2075  X<number, arbitrary precision>
2076  
2077  =back
2078  
2079  =back
2080  
2081  =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
2082  
2083  =over 4
2084  
2085  =item SYNOPSIS
2086  
2087  =item DESCRIPTION
2088  
2089  =over 4
2090  
2091  =item Private Variables via my()
2092  X<my> X<variable, lexical> X<lexical> X<lexical variable> X<scope, lexical>
2093  X<lexical scope> X<attributes, my>
2094  
2095  =item Persistent Private Variables
2096  X<state> X<state variable> X<static> X<variable, persistent> X<variable,
2097  static> X<closure>
2098  
2099  =item Temporary Values via local()
2100  X<local> X<scope, dynamic> X<dynamic scope> X<variable, local>
2101  X<variable, temporary>
2102  
2103  =item Lvalue subroutines
2104  X<lvalue> X<subroutine, lvalue>
2105  
2106  Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
2107  
2108  =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
2109  X<typeglob> X<*>
2110  
2111  =item When to Still Use local()
2112  X<local> X<variable, local>
2113  
2114  =item Pass by Reference
2115  X<pass by reference> X<pass-by-reference> X<reference>
2116  
2117  =item Prototypes
2118  X<prototype> X<subroutine, prototype>
2119  
2120  =item Constant Functions
2121  X<constant>
2122  
2123  =item Overriding Built-in Functions
2124  X<built-in> X<override> X<CORE> X<CORE::GLOBAL>
2125  
2126  =item Autoloading
2127  X<autoloading> X<AUTOLOAD>
2128  
2129  =item Subroutine Attributes
2130  X<attribute> X<subroutine, attribute> X<attrs>
2131  
2132  =back
2133  
2134  =item SEE ALSO
2135  
2136  =back
2137  
2138  =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
2139  
2140  =over 4
2141  
2142  =item DESCRIPTION
2143  
2144  =over 4
2145  
2146  =item Perl Functions by Category
2147  X<function>
2148  
2149  Functions for SCALARs or strings X<scalar> X<string> X<character>, Regular
2150  expressions and pattern matching X<regular expression> X<regex> X<regexp>,
2151  Numeric functions X<numeric> X<number> X<trigonometric> X<trigonometry>,
2152  Functions for real @ARRAYs X<array>, Functions for list data X<list>,
2153  Functions for real %HASHes X<hash>, Input and output functions X<I/O>
2154  X<input> X<output> X<dbm>, Functions for fixed length data or records,
2155  Functions for filehandles, files, or directories X<file> X<filehandle>
2156  X<directory> X<pipe> X<link> X<symlink>, Keywords related to the control
2157  flow of your Perl program X<control flow>, Keywords related to switch,
2158  Keywords related to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for
2159  processes and process groups X<process> X<pid> X<process id>, Keywords
2160  related to perl modules X<module>, Keywords related to classes and
2161  object-orientation X<object> X<class> X<package>, Low-level socket
2162  functions X<socket> X<sock>, System V interprocess communication functions
2163  X<IPC> X<System V> X<semaphore> X<shared memory> X<memory> X<message>,
2164  Fetching user and group info X<user> X<group> X<password> X<uid> X<gid> 
2165  X<passwd> X</etc/passwd>, Fetching network info X<network> X<protocol>
2166  X<host> X<hostname> X<IP> X<address> X<service>, Time-related functions
2167  X<time> X<date>, Functions new in perl5 X<perl5>, Functions obsoleted in
2168  perl5
2169  
2170  =item Portability
2171  X<portability> X<Unix> X<portable>
2172  
2173  =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2174  
2175  -I<X> FILEHANDLE
2176  X<-r>X<-w>X<-x>X<-o>X<-R>X<-W>X<-X>X<-O>X<-e>X<-z>X<-s>X<-f>X<-d>X<-l>X<-p>
2177  X<-S>X<-b>X<-c>X<-t>X<-u>X<-g>X<-k>X<-T>X<-B>X<-M>X<-A>X<-C>, -I<X> EXPR,
2178  -I<X> DIRHANDLE, -I<X>, abs VALUE X<abs> X<absolute>, abs, accept
2179  NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET X<accept>, alarm SECONDS X<alarm> X<SIGALRM>
2180  X<timer>, alarm, atan2 Y,X X<atan2> X<arctangent> X<tan> X<tangent>, bind
2181  SOCKET,NAME X<bind>, binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER X<binmode> X<binary> X<text>
2182  X<DOS> X<Windows>, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME X<bless>, bless
2183  REF, break, caller EXPR X<caller> X<call stack> X<stack> X<stack trace>,
2184  caller, chdir EXPR X<chdir> X<cd> X<directory, change>, chdir FILEHANDLE,
2185  chdir DIRHANDLE, chdir, chmod LIST X<chmod> X<permission> X<mode>, chomp
2186  VARIABLE X<chomp> X<INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR> X<$/> X<newline> X<eol>, chomp(
2187  LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE X<chop>, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST
2188  X<chown> X<owner> X<user> X<group>, chr NUMBER X<chr> X<character> X<ASCII>
2189  X<Unicode>, chr, chroot FILENAME X<chroot> X<root>, chroot, close
2190  FILEHANDLE X<close>, close, closedir DIRHANDLE X<closedir>, connect
2191  SOCKET,NAME X<connect>, continue BLOCK X<continue>, continue, cos EXPR
2192  X<cos> X<cosine> X<acos> X<arccosine>, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT X<crypt>
2193  X<digest> X<hash> X<salt> X<plaintext> X<password> X<decrypt>
2194  X<cryptography> X<passwd> X<encrypt>, dbmclose HASH X<dbmclose>, dbmopen
2195  HASH,DBNAME,MASK X<dbmopen> X<dbm> X<ndbm> X<sdbm> X<gdbm>, defined EXPR
2196  X<defined> X<undef> X<undefined>, defined, delete EXPR X<delete>, die LIST
2197  X<die> X<throw> X<exception> X<raise> X<$@> X<abort>, do BLOCK X<do>
2198  X<block>, do SUBROUTINE(LIST) X<do>, do EXPR X<do>, dump LABEL X<dump>
2199  X<core> X<undump>, dump, each HASH X<each> X<hash, iterator>, eof
2200  FILEHANDLE X<eof> X<end of file> X<end-of-file>, eof (), eof, eval EXPR
2201  X<eval> X<try> X<catch> X<evaluate> X<parse> X<execute> X<error, handling>
2202  X<exception, handling>, eval BLOCK, eval, exec LIST X<exec> X<execute>,
2203  exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR X<exists> X<autovivification>, exit EXPR
2204  X<exit> X<terminate> X<abort>, exit, exp EXPR X<exp> X<exponential>
2205  X<antilog> X<antilogarithm> X<e>, exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR
2206  X<fcntl>, fileno FILEHANDLE X<fileno>, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION X<flock>
2207  X<lock> X<locking>, fork X<fork> X<child> X<parent>, format X<format>,
2208  formline PICTURE,LIST X<formline>, getc FILEHANDLE X<getc> X<getchar>
2209  X<character> X<file, read>, getc, getlogin X<getlogin> X<login>,
2210  getpeername SOCKET X<getpeername> X<peer>, getpgrp PID X<getpgrp> X<group>,
2211  getppid X<getppid> X<parent> X<pid>, getpriority WHICH,WHO X<getpriority>
2212  X<priority> X<nice>, getpwnam NAME X<getpwnam> X<getgrnam> X<gethostbyname>
2213  X<getnetbyname> X<getprotobyname> X<getpwuid> X<getgrgid> X<getservbyname>
2214  X<gethostbyaddr> X<getnetbyaddr> X<getprotobynumber> X<getservbyport>
2215  X<getpwent> X<getgrent> X<gethostent> X<getnetent> X<getprotoent>
2216  X<getservent> X<setpwent> X<setgrent> X<sethostent> X<setnetent>
2217  X<setprotoent> X<setservent> X<endpwent> X<endgrent> X<endhostent>
2218  X<endnetent> X<endprotoent> X<endservent>, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname
2219  NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID,
2220  getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr
2221  ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
2222  getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
2223  setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
2224  setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
2225  endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET X<getsockname>, getsockopt
2226  SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME X<getsockopt>, glob EXPR X<glob> X<wildcard>
2227  X<filename, expansion> X<expand>, glob, gmtime EXPR X<gmtime> X<UTC>
2228  X<Greenwich>, gmtime, goto LABEL X<goto> X<jump> X<jmp>, goto EXPR, goto
2229  &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST X<grep>, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR X<hex>
2230  X<hexadecimal>, hex, import LIST X<import>, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION
2231  X<index> X<indexOf> X<InStr>, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR X<int> X<integer>
2232  X<truncate> X<trunc> X<floor>, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR
2233  X<ioctl>, join EXPR,LIST X<join>, keys HASH X<keys> X<key>, kill SIGNAL,
2234  LIST X<kill> X<signal>, last LABEL X<last> X<break>, last, lc EXPR X<lc>
2235  X<lowercase>, lc, lcfirst EXPR X<lcfirst> X<lowercase>, lcfirst, length
2236  EXPR X<length> X<size>, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE X<link>, listen
2237  SOCKET,QUEUESIZE X<listen>, local EXPR X<local>, localtime EXPR
2238  X<localtime> X<ctime>, localtime, lock THING X<lock>, log EXPR X<log>
2239  X<logarithm> X<e> X<ln> X<base>, log, lstat EXPR X<lstat>, lstat, m//, map
2240  BLOCK LIST X<map>, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK X<mkdir> X<md>
2241  X<directory, create>, mkdir FILENAME, mkdir, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG X<msgctl>,
2242  msgget KEY,FLAGS X<msgget>, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS X<msgrcv>, msgsnd
2243  ID,MSG,FLAGS X<msgsnd>, my EXPR X<my>, my TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my
2244  TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL X<next> X<continue>, next, no Module VERSION
2245  LIST X<no>, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, no VERSION, oct
2246  EXPR X<oct> X<octal> X<hex> X<hexadecimal> X<binary> X<bin>, oct, open
2247  FILEHANDLE,EXPR X<open> X<pipe> X<file, open> X<fopen>, open
2248  FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open
2249  FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR
2250  X<opendir>, ord EXPR X<ord> X<encoding>, ord, our EXPR X<our> X<global>,
2251  our TYPE EXPR, our EXPR : ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST
2252  X<pack>, package NAMESPACE X<package> X<module> X<namespace>, package, pipe
2253  READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE X<pipe>, pop ARRAY X<pop> X<stack>, pop, pos SCALAR
2254  X<pos> X<match, position>, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST X<print>, print LIST,
2255  print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST X<printf>, printf FORMAT, LIST,
2256  prototype FUNCTION X<prototype>, push ARRAY,LIST X<push> X<stack>,
2257  q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR
2258  X<quotemeta> X<metacharacter>, quotemeta, rand EXPR X<rand> X<random>,
2259  rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET X<read> X<file, read>, read
2260  FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE X<readdir>, readline EXPR,
2261  readline X<readline> X<gets> X<fgets>, readlink EXPR X<readlink>, readlink,
2262  readpipe EXPR, readpipe X<readpipe>, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS
2263  X<recv>, redo LABEL X<redo>, redo, ref EXPR X<ref> X<reference>, ref,
2264  rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME X<rename> X<move> X<mv> X<ren>, require VERSION
2265  X<require>, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR X<reset>, reset, return EXPR
2266  X<return>, return, reverse LIST X<reverse> X<rev> X<invert>, rewinddir
2267  DIRHANDLE X<rewinddir>, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION X<rindex>, rindex
2268  STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME X<rmdir> X<rd> X<directory, remove>, rmdir,
2269  s///, say FILEHANDLE LIST X<say>, say LIST, say, scalar EXPR X<scalar>
2270  X<context>, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE X<seek> X<fseek> X<filehandle,
2271  position>, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS X<seekdir>, select FILEHANDLE X<select>
2272  X<filehandle, default>, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT X<select>,
2273  semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG X<semctl>, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS X<semget>, semop
2274  KEY,OPSTRING X<semop>, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO X<send>, send
2275  SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP X<setpgrp> X<group>, setpriority
2276  WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY X<setpriority> X<priority> X<nice> X<renice>, setsockopt
2277  SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL X<setsockopt>, shift ARRAY X<shift>, shift,
2278  shmctl ID,CMD,ARG X<shmctl>, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS X<shmget>, shmread
2279  ID,VAR,POS,SIZE X<shmread> X<shmwrite>, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE,
2280  shutdown SOCKET,HOW X<shutdown>, sin EXPR X<sin> X<sine> X<asin>
2281  X<arcsine>, sin, sleep EXPR X<sleep> X<pause>, sleep, socket
2282  SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL X<socket>, socketpair
2283  SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL X<socketpair>, sort SUBNAME LIST
2284  X<sort> X<qsort> X<quicksort> X<mergesort>, sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST,
2285  splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST X<splice>, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
2286  splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT X<split>,
2287  split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST
2288  X<sprintf>, format parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width,
2289  precision, or maximum width X<precision>, size, order of arguments, sqrt
2290  EXPR X<sqrt> X<root> X<square root>, sqrt, srand EXPR X<srand> X<seed>
2291  X<randseed>, srand, stat FILEHANDLE X<stat> X<file, status> X<ctime>, stat
2292  EXPR, stat DIRHANDLE, stat, state EXPR X<state>, state TYPE EXPR, state
2293  EXPR : ATTRS, state TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, study SCALAR X<study>, study, sub
2294  NAME BLOCK X<sub>, sub NAME (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME
2295  (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT X<substr>
2296  X<substring> X<mid> X<left> X<right>, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
2297  EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE X<symlink> X<link> X<symbolic link>
2298  X<link, symbolic>, syscall NUMBER, LIST X<syscall> X<system call>, sysopen
2299  FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE X<sysopen>, sysopen
2300  FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET
2301  X<sysread>, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
2302  FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE X<sysseek> X<lseek>, system LIST X<system>
2303  X<shell>, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET
2304  X<syswrite>, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,
2305  tell FILEHANDLE X<tell>, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE X<telldir>, tie
2306  VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST X<tie>, tied VARIABLE X<tied>, time X<time>
2307  X<epoch>, times X<times>, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH X<truncate>,
2308  truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR X<uc> X<uppercase> X<toupper>, uc, ucfirst
2309  EXPR X<ucfirst> X<uppercase>, ucfirst, umask EXPR X<umask>, umask, undef
2310  EXPR X<undef> X<undefine>, undef, unlink LIST X<unlink> X<delete> X<remove>
2311  X<rm> X<del>, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR X<unpack>, unpack TEMPLATE,
2312  untie VARIABLE X<untie>, unshift ARRAY,LIST X<unshift>, use Module VERSION
2313  LIST X<use> X<module> X<import>, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use
2314  Module, use VERSION, utime LIST X<utime>, values HASH X<values>, vec
2315  EXPR,OFFSET,BITS X<vec> X<bit> X<bit vector>, wait X<wait>, waitpid
2316  PID,FLAGS X<waitpid>, wantarray X<wantarray> X<context>, warn LIST X<warn>
2317  X<warning> X<STDERR>, write FILEHANDLE X<write>, write EXPR, write, y///
2318  
2319  =back
2320  
2321  =back
2322  
2323  =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
2324  
2325  =over 4
2326  
2327  =item DESCRIPTION
2328  
2329  =item Open E<agrave> la shell
2330  
2331  =over 4
2332  
2333  =item Simple Opens
2334  
2335  =item Indirect Filehandles
2336  
2337  =item Pipe Opens
2338  
2339  =item The Minus File
2340  
2341  =item Mixing Reads and Writes
2342  
2343  =item Filters 
2344  
2345  =back
2346  
2347  =item Open E<agrave> la C
2348  
2349  =over 4
2350  
2351  =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
2352  
2353  =back
2354  
2355  =item Obscure Open Tricks
2356  
2357  =over 4
2358  
2359  =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
2360  
2361  =item Dispelling the Dweomer
2362  
2363  =item Paths as Opens
2364  
2365  =item Single Argument Open
2366  
2367  =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
2368  
2369  =back
2370  
2371  =item Other I/O Issues
2372  
2373  =over 4
2374  
2375  =item Opening Non-File Files
2376  
2377  =item Opening Named Pipes
2378  
2379  =item Opening Sockets
2380  
2381  =item Binary Files
2382  
2383  =item File Locking
2384  
2385  =item IO Layers
2386  
2387  =back
2388  
2389  =item SEE ALSO 
2390  
2391  =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
2392  
2393  =item HISTORY
2394  
2395  =back
2396  
2397  =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
2398  
2399  =over 4
2400  
2401  =item DESCRIPTION
2402  
2403  =item The Basic Principle
2404  
2405  =item Packing Text
2406  
2407  =item Packing Numbers
2408  
2409  =over 4
2410  
2411  =item Integers
2412  
2413  =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
2414  
2415  =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
2416  
2417  =item Byte-order modifiers
2418  
2419  =item Floating point Numbers
2420  
2421  =back
2422  
2423  =item Exotic Templates
2424  
2425  =over 4
2426  
2427  =item Bit Strings
2428  
2429  =item Uuencoding
2430  
2431  =item Doing Sums
2432  
2433  =item  Unicode
2434  
2435  =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
2436  
2437  =back
2438  
2439  =item Template Grouping
2440  
2441  =item Lengths and Widths
2442  
2443  =over 4
2444  
2445  =item String Lengths
2446  
2447  =item Dynamic Templates
2448  
2449  =item Counting Repetitions
2450  
2451  =back
2452  
2453  =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
2454  
2455  =over 4
2456  
2457  =item The Alignment Pit
2458  
2459  =item Dealing with Endian-ness
2460  
2461  =item Alignment, Take 2
2462  
2463  =item Alignment, Take 3
2464  
2465  =item Pointers for How to Use Them
2466  
2467  =back
2468  
2469  =item Pack Recipes
2470  
2471  =item Funnies Section
2472  
2473  =item Authors
2474  
2475  =back
2476  
2477  =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
2478  
2479  =over 4
2480  
2481  =item DESCRIPTION
2482  
2483  =over 4
2484  
2485  =item Ordinary Paragraph
2486  X<POD, ordinary paragraph>
2487  
2488  =item Verbatim Paragraph
2489  X<POD, verbatim paragraph> X<verbatim>
2490  
2491  =item Command Paragraph
2492  X<POD, command>
2493  
2494  C<=head1 I<Heading Text>> X<=head1> X<=head2> X<=head3> X<=head4> X<head1>
2495  X<head2> X<head3> X<head4>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
2496  Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>> X<=over>
2497  X<=item> X<=back> X<over> X<item> X<back>, C<=item I<stuff...>>, C<=back>,
2498  C<=cut> X<=cut> X<cut>, C<=pod> X<=pod> X<pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>
2499  X<=begin> X<=end> X<=for> X<begin> X<end> X<for>, C<=end I<formatname>>,
2500  C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>, C<=encoding I<encodingname>> X<=encoding>
2501  X<encoding>
2502  
2503  =item Formatting Codes
2504  X<POD, formatting code> X<formatting code>
2505  X<POD, interior sequence> X<interior sequence>
2506  
2507  C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text X<I> X<< IZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting
2508  code, italic> X<italic>, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text X<B> X<< BZ<><> >>
2509  X<POD, formatting code, bold> X<bold>, C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text X<C>
2510  X<< CZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting code, code> X<code>, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> --
2511  a hyperlink X<L> X<< LZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting code, hyperlink>
2512  X<hyperlink>, C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape X<E> X<< EZ<><> >>
2513  X<POD, formatting code, escape> X<escape>, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
2514  for filenames X<F> X<< FZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting code, filename>
2515  X<filename>, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces X<S>
2516  X<< SZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting code, non-breaking space>  X<non-breaking
2517  space>, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry X<X> X<< XZ<><> >>
2518  X<POD, formatting code, index entry> X<index entry>, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
2519  null (zero-effect) formatting code X<Z> X<< ZZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting
2520  code, null> X<null>
2521  
2522  =item The Intent
2523  X<POD, intent of>
2524  
2525  =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
2526  X<POD, embedding>
2527  
2528  =item Hints for Writing Pod
2529  
2530  X<podchecker> X<POD, validating>
2531  
2532  =back
2533  
2534  =item SEE ALSO
2535  
2536  =item AUTHOR
2537  
2538  =back
2539  
2540  =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
2541  notes
2542  
2543  =over 4
2544  
2545  =item DESCRIPTION
2546  
2547  =item Pod Definitions
2548  
2549  =item Pod Commands
2550  
2551  "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
2552  "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text...",
2553  "=encoding encodingname"
2554  
2555  =item Pod Formatting Codes
2556  
2557  C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
2558  C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
2559  filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
2560  null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
2561  C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
2562  contains non-breaking spaces
2563  
2564  =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
2565  
2566  =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
2567  
2568  First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
2569  
2570  =item About =over...=back Regions
2571  
2572  =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
2573  
2574  =item SEE ALSO
2575  
2576  =item AUTHOR
2577  
2578  =back
2579  
2580  =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
2581  
2582  =over 4
2583  
2584  =item SYNOPSIS
2585  
2586  =item DESCRIPTION
2587  
2588  =over 4
2589  
2590  =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
2591  X<hashbang> X<#!>
2592  
2593  OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
2594  
2595  =item Location of Perl
2596  X<perl, location of interpreter>
2597  
2598  =item Command Switches
2599  X<perl, command switches> X<command switches>
2600  
2601  B<-0>[I<octal/hexadecimal>] X<-0> X<$/>, B<-a> X<-a> X<autosplit>, B<-C
2602  [I<number/list>]> X<-C>, B<-c> X<-c>, B<-d> X<-d> X<-dt>, B<-dt>,
2603  B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]> X<-d> X<-dt>, B<-dt:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
2604  B<-D>I<letters> X<-D> X<DEBUGGING> X<-DDEBUGGING>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e>
2605  I<commandline> X<-e>, B<-E> I<commandline> X<-E>, B<-f> X<-f>,
2606  B<-F>I<pattern> X<-F>, B<-h> X<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>] X<-i> X<in-place>,
2607  B<-I>I<directory> X<-I> X<@INC>, B<-l>[I<octnum>] X<-l> X<$/> X<$\>,
2608  B<-m>[B<->]I<module> X<-m> X<-M>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>,
2609  B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>, B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>
2610  X<-n>, B<-p> X<-p>, B<-P> X<-P>, B<-s> X<-s>, B<-S> X<-S>, B<-t> X<-t>,
2611  B<-T> X<-T>, B<-u> X<-u>, B<-U> X<-U>, B<-v> X<-v>, B<-V> X<-V>,
2612  B<-V:>I<configvar>, B<-w> X<-w>, B<-W> X<-W>, B<-X> X<-X>, B<-x> X<-x>,
2613  B<-x>I<directory>
2614  
2615  =back
2616  
2617  =item ENVIRONMENT
2618  X<perl, environment variables>
2619  
2620  HOME X<HOME>, LOGDIR X<LOGDIR>, PATH X<PATH>, PERL5LIB X<PERL5LIB>,
2621  PERL5OPT X<PERL5OPT>, PERLIO X<PERLIO>, :bytes X<:bytes>, :crlf X<:crlf>,
2622  :mmap X<:mmap>, :perlio X<:perlio>, :pop X<:pop>, :raw X<:raw>, :stdio
2623  X<:stdio>, :unix X<:unix>, :utf8 X<:utf8>, :win32 X<:win32>, PERLIO_DEBUG
2624  X<PERLIO_DEBUG>, PERLLIB X<PERLLIB>, PERL5DB X<PERL5DB>, PERL5DB_THREADED
2625  X<PERL5DB_THREADED>, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port) X<PERL5SHELL>,
2626  PERL_ALLOW_NON_IFS_LSP (specific to the Win32 port)
2627  X<PERL_ALLOW_NON_IFS_LSP>, PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS X<PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS>,
2628  PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL X<PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL>, PERL_DL_NONLAZY
2629  X<PERL_DL_NONLAZY>, PERL_ENCODING X<PERL_ENCODING>, PERL_HASH_SEED
2630  X<PERL_HASH_SEED>, PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG X<PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG>, PERL_ROOT
2631  (specific to the VMS port) X<PERL_ROOT>, PERL_SIGNALS X<PERL_SIGNALS>,
2632  PERL_UNICODE X<PERL_UNICODE>, SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
2633  X<SYS$LOGIN>
2634  
2635  =back
2636  
2637  =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
2638  
2639  =over 4
2640  
2641  =item DESCRIPTION
2642  
2643  =item SEE ALSO
2644  
2645  =back
2646  
2647  =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
2648  
2649  =over 4
2650  
2651  =item DESCRIPTION
2652  
2653  =over 4
2654  
2655  =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
2656  
2657  =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
2658  
2659  =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
2660  
2661  B<-w> X<-w>, B<-W> X<-W>, B<-X> X<-X>
2662  
2663  =item Backward Compatibility
2664  
2665  =item Category Hierarchy
2666  X<warning, categories>
2667  
2668  =item Fatal Warnings
2669  X<warning, fatal>
2670  
2671  =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
2672  X<warning, reporting> X<warning, registering>
2673  
2674  =back
2675  
2676  =item SEE ALSO
2677  
2678  =item AUTHOR
2679  
2680  =back
2681  
2682  =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
2683  
2684  =over 4
2685  
2686  =item DESCRIPTION
2687  
2688  =item The Perl Debugger
2689  
2690  =over 4
2691  
2692  =item Calling the debugger
2693  
2694  perl -d program_name, perl -d -e 0, perl -d:Ptkdb program_name, perl -dt
2695  threaded_program_name
2696  
2697  =item Debugger Commands
2698  
2699  h X<debugger command, h>, h [command], h h, p expr X<debugger command, p>,
2700  x [maxdepth] expr X<debugger command, x>, V [pkg [vars]] X<debugger
2701  command, V>, X [vars] X<debugger command, X>, y [level [vars]] X<debugger
2702  command, y>, T X<debugger command, T> X<backtrace> X<stack, backtrace>, s
2703  [expr] X<debugger command, s> X<step>, n [expr] X<debugger command, n>, r
2704  X<debugger command, r>, <CR>, c [line|sub] X<debugger command, c>, l
2705  X<debugger command, l>, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -
2706  X<debugger command, ->, v [line] X<debugger command, v>, . X<debugger
2707  command, .>, f filename X<debugger command, f>, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L
2708  [abw] X<debugger command, L>, S [[!]regex] X<debugger command, S>, t
2709  X<debugger command, t>, t expr X<debugger command, t>, b X<breakpoint>
2710  X<debugger command, b>, b [line] [condition] X<breakpoint> X<debugger
2711  command, b>, b subname [condition] X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, b>, b
2712  postpone subname [condition] X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, b>, b load
2713  filename X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, b>, b compile subname
2714  X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, b>, B line X<breakpoint> X<debugger
2715  command, B>, B * X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, B>, a [line] command
2716  X<debugger command, a>, A line X<debugger command, A>, A * X<debugger
2717  command, A>, w expr X<debugger command, w>, W expr X<debugger command, W>,
2718  W * X<debugger command, W>, o X<debugger command, o>, o booloption ...
2719  X<debugger command, o>, o anyoption? ... X<debugger command, o>, o
2720  option=value ... X<debugger command, o>, < ? X<< debugger command, < >>, <
2721  [ command ] X<< debugger command, < >>, < * X<< debugger command, < >>, <<
2722  command X<< debugger command, << >>, > ? X<< debugger command, > >>, >
2723  command X<< debugger command, > >>, > * X<< debugger command, > >>, >>
2724  command X<<< debugger command, >> >>>, { ? X<debugger command, {>, { [
2725  command ], { * X<debugger command, {>, {{ command X<debugger command, {{>,
2726  ! number X<debugger command, !>, ! -number X<debugger command, !>, !
2727  pattern X<debugger command, !>, !! cmd X<debugger command, !!>, source file
2728  X<debugger command, source>, H -number X<debugger command, H>, q or ^D
2729  X<debugger command, q> X<debugger command, ^D>, R X<debugger command, R>,
2730  |dbcmd X<debugger command, |>, ||dbcmd X<debugger command, ||>, command, m
2731  expr X<debugger command, m>, M X<debugger command, M>, man [manpage]
2732  X<debugger command, man>
2733  
2734  =item Configurable Options
2735  
2736  C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang> X<debugger option, recallCommand> X<debugger
2737  option, ShellBang>, C<pager> X<debugger option, pager>, C<tkRunning>
2738  X<debugger option, tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>, C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>
2739  X<debugger option, signalLevel> X<debugger option, warnLevel> X<debugger
2740  option, dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace> X<debugger option, AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>
2741  X<debugger option, LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit> X<debugger option,
2742  inhibit_exit>, C<PrintRet> X<debugger option, PrintRet>, C<ornaments>
2743  X<debugger option, ornaments>, C<frame> X<debugger option, frame>,
2744  C<maxTraceLen> X<debugger option, maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize> X<debugger
2745  option, windowSize>, C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth> X<debugger option,
2746  arrayDepth> X<debugger option, hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth> X<debugger option,
2747  dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact> X<debugger option, compactDump>
2748  X<debugger option, veryCompact>, C<globPrint> X<debugger option,
2749  globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles> X<debugger option, DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>
2750  X<debugger option, DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused> X<debugger option,
2751  DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint> X<debugger option, quote>
2752  X<debugger option, HighBit> X<debugger option, undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>
2753  X<debugger option, UsageOnly>, C<TTY> X<debugger option, TTY>, C<noTTY>
2754  X<debugger option, noTTY>, C<ReadLine> X<debugger option, ReadLine>,
2755  C<NonStop> X<debugger option, NonStop>
2756  
2757  =item Debugger input/output
2758  
2759  Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace X<backtrace> X<stack,
2760  backtrace>, Line Listing Format, Frame listing
2761  
2762  =item Debugging compile-time statements
2763  
2764  =item Debugger Customization
2765  
2766  =item Readline Support
2767  
2768  =item Editor Support for Debugging
2769  
2770  =item The Perl Profiler
2771  X<profile> X<profiling> X<profiler>
2772  
2773  =back
2774  
2775  =item Debugging regular expressions
2776  X<regular expression, debugging>
2777  X<regex, debugging> X<regexp, debugging>
2778  
2779  =item Debugging memory usage
2780  X<memory usage>
2781  
2782  =item SEE ALSO
2783  
2784  =item BUGS
2785  
2786  =back
2787  
2788  =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
2789  
2790  =over 4
2791  
2792  =item DESCRIPTION
2793  
2794  =over 4
2795  
2796  =item Predefined Names
2797  
2798  $ARG, $_ X<$_> X<$ARG>, $a, $b X<$a> X<$b>, $<I<digits>> X<$1> X<$2> X<$3>,
2799  $MATCH, $& X<$&> X<$MATCH>, ${^MATCH} X<${^MATCH}>, $PREMATCH, $` X<$`>
2800  X<$PREMATCH>, ${^PREMATCH} X<${^PREMATCH}>, $POSTMATCH, $' X<$'>
2801  X<$POSTMATCH>, ${^POSTMATCH} X<${^POSTMATCH}>, $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+ X<$+>
2802  X<$LAST_PAREN_MATCH>, $LAST_SUBMATCH_RESULT, $^N X<$^N>, @LAST_MATCH_END,
2803  @+ X<@+> X<@LAST_MATCH_END>, %+ X<%+>, HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR),
2804  $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $. X<$.> X<$NR> X<$INPUT_LINE_NUMBER> X<line
2805  number>, IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR,
2806  $RS, $/ X<$/> X<$RS> X<$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR>, HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR),
2807  $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $| X<$|> X<autoflush> X<flush> X<$OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH>,
2808  IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,
2809  X<$,> X<$OFS> X<$OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR>,
2810  IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
2811  $\ X<$\> X<$ORS> X<$OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR>, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $" X<$">
2812  X<$LIST_SEPARATOR>, $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $; X<$;> X<$SUBSEP>
2813  X<SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR>, HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR),
2814  $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $% X<$%> X<$FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER>,
2815  HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $= X<$=>
2816  X<$FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE>, HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR),
2817  $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $- X<$-> X<$FORMAT_LINES_LEFT>, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-
2818  X<@-> X<@LAST_MATCH_START>, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>,
2819  C<$&> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the
2820  same as C<substr($var, $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1],
2821  $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] -
2822  $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, %-
2823  X<%->, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_NAME, $~ X<$~> X<$FORMAT_NAME>,
2824  HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^ X<$^>
2825  X<$FORMAT_TOP_NAME>, IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
2826  $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $: X<$:> X<FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS>,
2827  IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L X<$^L>
2828  X<$FORMAT_FORMFEED>, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A X<$^A> X<$ACCUMULATOR>,
2829  $CHILD_ERROR, $? X<$?> X<$CHILD_ERROR>, ${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}
2830  X<$^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE>, ${^ENCODING} X<$^ENCODING>, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!
2831  X<$!> X<$ERRNO> X<$OS_ERROR>, %OS_ERROR, %ERRNO, %! X<%!>,
2832  $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E X<$^E> X<$EXTENDED_OS_ERROR>, $EVAL_ERROR, $@ X<$@>
2833  X<$EVAL_ERROR>, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$ X<$$> X<$PID> X<$PROCESS_ID>,
2834  $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $< X<< $< >> X<$UID> X<$REAL_USER_ID>,
2835  $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $> X<< $> >> X<$EUID> X<$EFFECTIVE_USER_ID>,
2836  $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $( X<$(> X<$GID> X<$REAL_GROUP_ID>,
2837  $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $) X<$)> X<$EGID> X<$EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID>,
2838  $PROGRAM_NAME, $0 X<$0> X<$PROGRAM_NAME>, $[ X<$[>, $] X<$]>, $COMPILING,
2839  $^C X<$^C> X<$COMPILING>, $DEBUGGING, $^D X<$^D> X<$DEBUGGING>,
2840  ${^RE_DEBUG_FLAGS}, ${^RE_TRIE_MAXBUF}, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F X<$^F>
2841  X<$SYSTEM_FD_MAX>, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I X<$^I> X<$INPLACE_EDIT>,
2842  $^M X<$^M>, $OSNAME, $^O X<$^O> X<$OSNAME>, ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P X<$^P>
2843  X<$PERLDB>, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x100, 0x200,
2844  0x400, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R X<$^R> X<$LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT>,
2845  $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S X<$^S> X<$EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT>,
2846  $BASETIME, $^T X<$^T> X<$BASETIME>, ${^TAINT}, ${^UNICODE}, ${^UTF8CACHE},
2847  ${^UTF8LOCALE}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V X<$^V> X<$PERL_VERSION>, $WARNING, $^W
2848  X<$^W> X<$WARNING>, ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIN32_SLOPPY_STAT},
2849  $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X X<$^X> X<$EXECUTABLE_NAME>, ARGV X<ARGV>, $ARGV
2850  X<$ARGV>, @ARGV X<@ARGV>, ARGVOUT X<ARGVOUT>, @F X<@F>, @INC X<@INC>, @ARG,
2851  @_ X<@_> X<@ARG>, %INC X<%INC>, %ENV, $ENV{expr} X<%ENV>, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
2852  X<%SIG>
2853  
2854  =item Error Indicators
2855  X<error> X<exception>
2856  
2857  =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
2858  
2859  =back
2860  
2861  =item BUGS
2862  
2863  =back
2864  
2865  =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
2866  
2867  =over 4
2868  
2869  =item DESCRIPTION
2870  
2871  =over 4
2872  
2873  =item Modifiers
2874  
2875  m X</m> X<regex, multiline> X<regexp, multiline> X<regular expression,
2876  multiline>, s X</s> X<regex, single-line> X<regexp, single-line> X<regular
2877  expression, single-line>, i X</i> X<regex, case-insensitive> X<regexp,
2878  case-insensitive> X<regular expression, case-insensitive>, x X</x>, p X</p>
2879  X<regex, preserve> X<regexp, preserve>, g and c X</g> X</c>
2880  
2881  =item Regular Expressions
2882  
2883  [1], [2], [3], cntrl X<cntrl>, graph X<graph>, print X<print>, punct
2884  X<punct>, xdigit X<xdigit>
2885  
2886  =item Extended Patterns
2887  
2888  C<(?#text)> X<(?#)>, C<(?pimsx-imsx)> X<(?)>, C<(?:pattern)> X<(?:)>,
2889  C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>, C<(?|pattern)> X<(?|)> X<Branch reset>,
2890  Look-Around Assertions X<look-around assertion> X<lookaround assertion>
2891  X<look-around> X<lookaround>, C<(?=pattern)> X<(?=)> X<look-ahead,
2892  positive> X<lookahead, positive>, C<(?!pattern)> X<(?!)> X<look-ahead,
2893  negative> X<lookahead, negative>, C<(?<=pattern)> C<\K> X<(?<=)>
2894  X<look-behind, positive> X<lookbehind, positive> X<\K>, C<(?<!pattern)>
2895  X<(?<!)> X<look-behind, negative> X<lookbehind, negative>,
2896  C<(?'NAME'pattern)>, C<< (?<NAME>pattern) >> X<< (?<NAME>) >> X<(?'NAME')>
2897  X<named capture> X<capture>, C<< \k<NAME> >>, C<< \k'NAME' >>, C<(?{ code
2898  })> X<(?{})> X<regex, code in> X<regexp, code in> X<regular expression,
2899  code in>, C<(??{ code })> X<(??{})> X<regex, postponed> X<regexp,
2900  postponed> X<regular expression, postponed>, C<(?PARNO)> C<(?-PARNO)>
2901  C<(?+PARNO)> C<(?R)> C<(?0)> X<(?PARNO)> X<(?1)> X<(?R)> X<(?0)> X<(?-1)>
2902  X<(?+1)> X<(?-PARNO)> X<(?+PARNO)> X<regex, recursive> X<regexp, recursive>
2903  X<regular expression, recursive> X<regex, relative recursion>, C<(?&NAME)>
2904  X<(?&NAME)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)> X<(?()>,
2905  C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>, (1) (2) .., (<NAME>) ('NAME'), (?{ CODE }),
2906  (R), (R1) (R2) .., (R&NAME), (DEFINE), C<< (?>pattern) >> X<backtrack>
2907  X<backtracking> X<atomic> X<possessive>
2908  
2909  =item Special Backtracking Control Verbs
2910  
2911  Verbs that take an argument, C<(*PRUNE)> C<(*PRUNE:NAME)> X<(*PRUNE)>
2912  X<(*PRUNE:NAME)>, C<(*SKIP)> C<(*SKIP:NAME)> X<(*SKIP)>, C<(*MARK:NAME)>
2913  C<(*:NAME)> X<(*MARK)> C<(*MARK:NAME)> C<(*:NAME)>, C<(*THEN)>
2914  C<(*THEN:NAME)>, C<(*COMMIT)> X<(*COMMIT)>, Verbs without an argument,
2915  C<(*FAIL)> C<(*F)> X<(*FAIL)> X<(*F)>, C<(*ACCEPT)> X<(*ACCEPT)>
2916  
2917  =item Backtracking
2918  X<backtrack> X<backtracking>
2919  
2920  =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
2921  X<regular expression, version 8> X<regex, version 8> X<regexp, version 8>
2922  
2923  =item Warning on \1 Instead of $1
2924  
2925  =item Repeated Patterns Matching a Zero-length Substring
2926  
2927  =item Combining RE Pieces
2928  
2929  C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
2930  C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
2931  C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>, C<(?PARNO)>,
2932  C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
2933  
2934  =item Creating Custom RE Engines
2935  
2936  =back
2937  
2938  =item PCRE/Python Support
2939  
2940  C<< (?PE<lt>NAMEE<gt>pattern) >>, C<< (?P=NAME) >>, C<< (?P>NAME) >>
2941  
2942  =item BUGS
2943  
2944  =item SEE ALSO
2945  
2946  =back
2947  
2948  =head2 perlrebackslash - Perl Regular Expression Backslash Sequences and
2949  Escapes
2950  
2951  =over 4
2952  
2953  =item DESCRIPTION
2954  
2955  =over 4
2956  
2957  =item The backslash
2958  
2959  [1]
2960  
2961  =item All the sequences and escapes
2962  
2963  =item Character Escapes
2964  
2965  [1], [2]
2966  
2967  =item Modifiers
2968  
2969  =item Character classes
2970  
2971  =item Referencing
2972  
2973  =item Assertions
2974  
2975  \A, \z, \Z, \G, \b, \B
2976  
2977  =item Misc
2978  
2979  \C, \K, \R, \X
2980  
2981  =back
2982  
2983  =back
2984  
2985  =head2 perlrecharclass - Perl Regular Expression Character Classes
2986  
2987  =over 4
2988  
2989  =item DESCRIPTION
2990  
2991  =over 4
2992  
2993  =item The dot
2994  
2995  =item Backslashed sequences
2996  
2997  [1]
2998  
2999  =item Bracketed Character Classes
3000  
3001  cntrl, graph, print, punct
3002  
3003  =item Locale, Unicode and UTF-8
3004  
3005  =back
3006  
3007  =back
3008  
3009  =head2 perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference
3010  
3011  =over 4
3012  
3013  =item DESCRIPTION
3014  
3015  =over 4
3016  
3017  =item OPERATORS
3018  
3019  =item SYNTAX
3020  
3021  =item ESCAPE SEQUENCES
3022  
3023  =item CHARACTER CLASSES
3024  
3025  =item ANCHORS
3026  
3027  =item QUANTIFIERS
3028  
3029  =item EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS
3030  
3031  =item VARIABLES
3032  
3033  =item FUNCTIONS
3034  
3035  =item TERMINOLOGY
3036  
3037  =back
3038  
3039  =item AUTHOR
3040  
3041  =item SEE ALSO
3042  
3043  =item THANKS
3044  
3045  =back
3046  
3047  =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
3048  
3049  =over 4
3050  
3051  =item NOTE
3052  
3053  =item DESCRIPTION
3054  
3055  =over 4
3056  
3057  =item Making References
3058  X<reference, creation> X<referencing>
3059  
3060  1. X<\> X<backslash>, 2. X<array, anonymous> X<[> X<[]> X<square bracket>
3061  X<bracket, square> X<arrayref> X<array reference> X<reference, array>, 3.
3062  X<hash, anonymous> X<{> X<{}> X<curly bracket> X<bracket, curly> X<brace>
3063  X<hashref> X<hash reference> X<reference, hash>, 4. X<subroutine,
3064  anonymous> X<subroutine, reference> X<reference, subroutine> X<scope,
3065  lexical> X<closure> X<lexical> X<lexical scope>, 5. X<constructor> X<new>,
3066  6. X<autovivification>, 7. X<*foo{THING}> X<*>
3067  
3068  =item Using References
3069  X<reference, use> X<dereferencing> X<dereference>
3070  
3071  =item Symbolic references
3072  X<reference, symbolic> X<reference, soft>
3073  X<symbolic reference> X<soft reference>
3074  
3075  =item Not-so-symbolic references
3076  
3077  =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
3078  X<pseudo-hash> X<pseudo hash> X<pseudohash>
3079  
3080  =item Function Templates
3081  X<scope, lexical> X<closure> X<lexical> X<lexical scope>
3082  X<subroutine, nested> X<sub, nested> X<subroutine, local> X<sub, local>
3083  
3084  =back
3085  
3086  =item WARNING
3087  X<reference, string context> X<reference, use as hash key>
3088  
3089  =item SEE ALSO
3090  
3091  =back
3092  
3093  =head2 perlform - Perl formats
3094  
3095  =over 4
3096  
3097  =item DESCRIPTION
3098  
3099  =over 4
3100  
3101  =item Text Fields
3102  X<format, text field>
3103  
3104  =item Numeric Fields
3105  X<#> X<format, numeric field>
3106  
3107  =item The Field @* for Variable Width Multi-Line Text
3108  X<@*>
3109  
3110  =item The Field ^* for Variable Width One-line-at-a-time Text
3111  X<^*>
3112  
3113  =item Specifying Values
3114  X<format, specifying values>
3115  
3116  =item Using Fill Mode
3117  X<format, fill mode>
3118  
3119  =item Suppressing Lines Where All Fields Are Void
3120  X<format, suppressing lines>
3121  
3122  =item Repeating Format Lines
3123  X<format, repeating lines>
3124  
3125  =item Top of Form Processing
3126  X<format, top of form> X<top> X<header>
3127  
3128  =item Format Variables
3129  X<format variables>
3130  X<format, variables>
3131  
3132  =back
3133  
3134  =item NOTES
3135  
3136  =over 4
3137  
3138  =item Footers
3139  X<format, footer> X<footer>
3140  
3141  =item Accessing Formatting Internals
3142  X<format, internals>
3143  
3144  =back
3145  
3146  =item WARNINGS
3147  
3148  =back
3149  
3150  =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
3151  
3152  =over 4
3153  
3154  =item DESCRIPTION
3155  
3156  =over 4
3157  
3158  =item An Object is Simply a Reference
3159  X<object> X<bless> X<constructor> X<new>
3160  
3161  =item A Class is Simply a Package
3162  X<class> X<package> X<@ISA> X<inheritance>
3163  
3164  =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
3165  X<method>
3166  
3167  =item Method Invocation
3168  X<invocation> X<method> X<arrow> X<< -> >>
3169  
3170  =item Indirect Object Syntax
3171  X<indirect object syntax> X<invocation, indirect> X<indirect>
3172  
3173  =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
3174  X<UNIVERSAL>
3175  
3176  isa(CLASS) X<isa>, can(METHOD) X<can>, VERSION( [NEED] ) X<VERSION>
3177  
3178  =item Destructors
3179  X<destructor> X<DESTROY>
3180  
3181  =item Summary
3182  
3183  =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
3184  X<garbage collection> X<GC> X<circular reference>
3185  X<reference, circular> X<DESTROY> X<destructor>
3186  
3187  =back
3188  
3189  =item SEE ALSO
3190  
3191  =back
3192  
3193  =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
3194  
3195  =over 4
3196  
3197  =item SYNOPSIS
3198  
3199  =item DESCRIPTION
3200  
3201  =over 4
3202  
3203  =item Tying Scalars
3204  X<scalar, tying>
3205  
3206  TIESCALAR classname, LIST X<TIESCALAR>, FETCH this X<FETCH>, STORE this,
3207  value X<STORE>, UNTIE this X<UNTIE>, DESTROY this X<DESTROY>
3208  
3209  =item Tying Arrays
3210  X<array, tying>
3211  
3212  TIEARRAY classname, LIST X<TIEARRAY>, FETCH this, index X<FETCH>, STORE
3213  this, index, value X<STORE>, FETCHSIZE this X<FETCHSIZE>, STORESIZE this,
3214  count X<STORESIZE>, EXTEND this, count X<EXTEND>, EXISTS this, key
3215  X<EXISTS>, DELETE this, key X<DELETE>, CLEAR this X<CLEAR>, PUSH this, LIST
3216   X<PUSH>, POP this X<POP>, SHIFT this X<SHIFT>, UNSHIFT this, LIST 
3217  X<UNSHIFT>, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST X<SPLICE>, UNTIE this
3218  X<UNTIE>, DESTROY this X<DESTROY>
3219  
3220  =item Tying Hashes
3221  X<hash, tying>
3222  
3223  USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST X<TIEHASH>, FETCH this,
3224  key X<FETCH>, STORE this, key, value X<STORE>, DELETE this, key X<DELETE>,
3225  CLEAR this X<CLEAR>, EXISTS this, key X<EXISTS>, FIRSTKEY this X<FIRSTKEY>,
3226  NEXTKEY this, lastkey X<NEXTKEY>, SCALAR this X<SCALAR>, UNTIE this
3227  X<UNTIE>, DESTROY this X<DESTROY>
3228  
3229  =item Tying FileHandles
3230  X<filehandle, tying>
3231  
3232  TIEHANDLE classname, LIST X<TIEHANDLE>, WRITE this, LIST X<WRITE>, PRINT
3233  this, LIST X<PRINT>, PRINTF this, LIST X<PRINTF>, READ this, LIST X<READ>,
3234  READLINE this X<READLINE>, GETC this X<GETC>, CLOSE this X<CLOSE>, UNTIE
3235  this X<UNTIE>, DESTROY this X<DESTROY>
3236  
3237  =item UNTIE this
3238  X<UNTIE>
3239  
3240  =item The C<untie> Gotcha
3241  X<untie>
3242  
3243  =back
3244  
3245  =item SEE ALSO
3246  
3247  =item BUGS
3248  
3249  =item AUTHOR
3250  
3251  =back
3252  
3253  =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
3254  
3255  =over 4
3256  
3257  =item SYNOPSIS
3258  
3259  =item DESCRIPTION
3260  
3261  B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
3262  B<filter_fetch_value>
3263  
3264  =over 4
3265  
3266  =item The Filter
3267  
3268  =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
3269  
3270  =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
3271  
3272  =back
3273  
3274  =item SEE ALSO
3275  
3276  =item AUTHOR
3277  
3278  =back
3279  
3280  =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
3281  safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
3282  
3283  =over 4
3284  
3285  =item DESCRIPTION
3286  
3287  =item Signals
3288  
3289  =over 4
3290  
3291  =item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
3292  
3293  =back
3294  
3295  =item Named Pipes
3296  
3297  =over 4
3298  
3299  =item Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)
3300  
3301  Long-running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system calls, Signals as
3302  "faults", Signals triggered by operating system state
3303  
3304  =back
3305  
3306  =item Using open() for IPC
3307  
3308  =over 4
3309  
3310  =item Filehandles
3311  
3312  =item Background Processes
3313  
3314  =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
3315  
3316  =item Safe Pipe Opens
3317  
3318  =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
3319  
3320  =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
3321  
3322  =back
3323  
3324  =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
3325  
3326  =over 4
3327  
3328  =item Internet Line Terminators
3329  
3330  =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
3331  
3332  =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
3333  
3334  =back
3335  
3336  =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
3337  
3338  =over 4
3339  
3340  =item A Simple Client
3341  
3342  C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
3343  
3344  =item A Webget Client
3345  
3346  =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
3347  
3348  =back
3349  
3350  =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
3351  
3352  Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
3353  
3354  =item UDP: Message Passing
3355  
3356  =item SysV IPC
3357  
3358  =item NOTES
3359  
3360  =item BUGS
3361  
3362  =item AUTHOR
3363  
3364  =item SEE ALSO
3365  
3366  =back
3367  
3368  =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
3369  
3370  =over 4
3371  
3372  =item SYNOPSIS
3373  
3374  =item DESCRIPTION
3375  
3376  =over 4
3377  
3378  =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
3379  
3380  $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
3381  filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
3382  files, directories and network sockets
3383  
3384  =item Resource limits
3385  
3386  =item Killing the parent process
3387  
3388  =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
3389  
3390  =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
3391  
3392  BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
3393  Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
3394  application, Thread-safety of extensions
3395  
3396  =back
3397  
3398  =item BUGS
3399  
3400  =item AUTHOR
3401  
3402  =item SEE ALSO
3403  
3404  =back
3405  
3406  =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
3407  
3408  =over 4
3409  
3410  =item SYNOPSIS
3411  
3412  =item DESCRIPTION
3413  
3414  =item Storing numbers
3415  
3416  =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
3417  
3418  =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
3419  
3420  Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during C<use integer>, Other
3421  mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during C<use
3422  integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
3423  string
3424  
3425  =item AUTHOR
3426  
3427  =item SEE ALSO
3428  
3429  =back
3430  
3431  =head2 perlthrtut - Tutorial on threads in Perl
3432  
3433  =over 4
3434  
3435  =item DESCRIPTION
3436  
3437  =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
3438  
3439  =item Threaded Program Models
3440  
3441  =over 4
3442  
3443  =item Boss/Worker
3444  
3445  =item Work Crew
3446  
3447  =item Pipeline
3448  
3449  =back
3450  
3451  =item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
3452  
3453  =item Thread-Safe Modules
3454  
3455  =item Thread Basics
3456  
3457  =over 4
3458  
3459  =item Basic Thread Support
3460  
3461  =item A Note about the Examples
3462  
3463  =item Creating Threads
3464  
3465  =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
3466  
3467  =item Ignoring A Thread
3468  
3469  =item Process and Thread Termination
3470  
3471  =back
3472  
3473  =item Threads And Data
3474  
3475  =over 4
3476  
3477  =item Shared And Unshared Data
3478  
3479  =item Thread Pitfalls: Races
3480  
3481  =back
3482  
3483  =item Synchronization and control
3484  
3485  =over 4
3486  
3487  =item Controlling access: lock()
3488  
3489  =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
3490  
3491  =item Queues: Passing Data Around
3492  
3493  =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
3494  
3495  =item Basic semaphores
3496  
3497  =item Advanced Semaphores
3498  
3499  =item Waiting for a Condition
3500  
3501  =item Giving up control
3502  
3503  =back
3504  
3505  =item General Thread Utility Routines
3506  
3507  =over 4
3508  
3509  =item What Thread Am I In?
3510  
3511  =item Thread IDs
3512  
3513  =item Are These Threads The Same?
3514  
3515  =item What Threads Are Running?
3516  
3517  =back
3518  
3519  =item A Complete Example
3520  
3521  =item Different implementations of threads
3522  
3523  =item Performance considerations
3524  
3525  =item Process-scope Changes
3526  
3527  =item Thread-Safety of System Libraries
3528  
3529  =item Conclusion
3530  
3531  =item SEE ALSO
3532  
3533  =item Bibliography
3534  
3535  =over 4
3536  
3537  =item Introductory Texts
3538  
3539  =item OS-Related References
3540  
3541  =item Other References
3542  
3543  =back
3544  
3545  =item Acknowledgements
3546  
3547  =item AUTHOR
3548  
3549  =item Copyrights
3550  
3551  =back
3552  
3553  =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
3554  
3555  =over 4
3556  
3557  =item DESCRIPTION
3558  
3559  =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
3560  
3561  =item Threaded Program Models
3562  
3563  =over 4
3564  
3565  =item Boss/Worker
3566  
3567  =item Work Crew
3568  
3569  =item Pipeline
3570  
3571  =back
3572  
3573  =item Native threads
3574  
3575  =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
3576  
3577  =item Threadsafe Modules
3578  
3579  =item Thread Basics
3580  
3581  =over 4
3582  
3583  =item Basic Thread Support
3584  
3585  =item Creating Threads
3586  
3587  =item Giving up control
3588  
3589  =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
3590  
3591  =item Errors In Threads
3592  
3593  =item Ignoring A Thread
3594  
3595  =back
3596  
3597  =item Threads And Data
3598  
3599  =over 4
3600  
3601  =item Shared And Unshared Data
3602  
3603  =item Thread Pitfall: Races
3604  
3605  =item Controlling access: lock()
3606  
3607  =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
3608  
3609  =item Queues: Passing Data Around
3610  
3611  =back
3612  
3613  =item Threads And Code
3614  
3615  =over 4
3616  
3617  =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
3618  
3619  Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
3620  
3621  =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
3622  
3623  =item Subroutine Locks
3624  
3625  =item Methods
3626  
3627  =item Locking A Subroutine
3628  
3629  =back
3630  
3631  =item General Thread Utility Routines
3632  
3633  =over 4
3634  
3635  =item What Thread Am I In?
3636  
3637  =item Thread IDs
3638  
3639  =item Are These Threads The Same?
3640  
3641  =item What Threads Are Running?
3642  
3643  =back
3644  
3645  =item A Complete Example
3646  
3647  =item Conclusion
3648  
3649  =item Bibliography
3650  
3651  =over 4
3652  
3653  =item Introductory Texts
3654  
3655  =item OS-Related References
3656  
3657  =item Other References
3658  
3659  =back
3660  
3661  =item Acknowledgements
3662  
3663  =item AUTHOR
3664  
3665  =item Copyrights
3666  
3667  =back
3668  
3669  =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
3670  
3671  =over 4
3672  
3673  =item DESCRIPTION
3674  
3675  Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
3676  portable
3677  
3678  =item ISSUES
3679  
3680  =over 4
3681  
3682  =item Newlines
3683  
3684  =item Numbers endianness and Width
3685  
3686  =item Files and Filesystems
3687  
3688  =item System Interaction
3689  
3690  =item Command names versus file pathnames
3691  
3692  =item Networking
3693  
3694  =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
3695  
3696  =item External Subroutines (XS)
3697  
3698  =item Standard Modules
3699  
3700  =item Time and Date
3701  
3702  =item Character sets and character encoding
3703  
3704  =item Internationalisation
3705  
3706  =item System Resources
3707  
3708  =item Security
3709  
3710  =item Style
3711  
3712  =back
3713  
3714  =item CPAN Testers
3715  
3716  =item PLATFORMS
3717  
3718  =over 4
3719  
3720  =item Unix
3721  
3722  =item DOS and Derivatives
3723  
3724  =item S<Mac OS>
3725  
3726  =item VMS
3727  
3728  =item VOS
3729  
3730  =item EBCDIC Platforms
3731  
3732  =item Acorn RISC OS
3733  
3734  =item Other perls
3735  
3736  =back
3737  
3738  =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
3739  
3740  =over 4
3741  
3742  =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
3743  
3744  -I<X>, atan2, binmode, chmod, chown, chroot, crypt, dbmclose, dbmopen,
3745  dump, exec, exit, fcntl, flock, fork, getlogin, getpgrp, getppid,
3746  getpriority, getpwnam, getgrnam, getnetbyname, getpwuid, getgrgid,
3747  getnetbyaddr, getprotobynumber, getservbyport, getpwent, getgrent,
3748  gethostbyname, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent,
3749  setnetent, setprotoent, setservent, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent,
3750  endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob,
3751  gmtime, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill, link, localtime, lstat,
3752  msgctl, msgget, msgsnd, msgrcv, open, pipe, readlink, rename, select,
3753  semctl, semget, semop, setgrent, setpgrp, setpriority, setpwent,
3754  setsockopt, shmctl, shmget, shmread, shmwrite, sockatmark, socketpair,
3755  stat, symlink, syscall, sysopen, system, times, truncate, umask, utime,
3756  wait, waitpid
3757  
3758  =back
3759  
3760  =item Supported Platforms
3761  
3762  =item SEE ALSO
3763  
3764  =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
3765  
3766  =back
3767  
3768  =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
3769  localization)
3770  
3771  =over 4
3772  
3773  =item DESCRIPTION
3774  
3775  =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
3776  
3777  =item USING LOCALES
3778  
3779  =over 4
3780  
3781  =item The use locale pragma
3782  
3783  =item The setlocale function
3784  
3785  =item Finding locales
3786  
3787  =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
3788  
3789  =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
3790  
3791  =item Permanently fixing locale problems
3792  
3793  =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
3794  
3795  =item Fixing system locale configuration
3796  
3797  =item The localeconv function
3798  
3799  =item I18N::Langinfo
3800  
3801  =back
3802  
3803  =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
3804  
3805  =over 4
3806  
3807  =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
3808  
3809  =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
3810  
3811  =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
3812  
3813  =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
3814  
3815  =item LC_TIME
3816  
3817  =item Other categories
3818  
3819  =back
3820  
3821  =item SECURITY
3822  
3823  =item ENVIRONMENT
3824  
3825  PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
3826  LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
3827  
3828  =over 4
3829  
3830  =item Examples
3831  
3832  =back
3833  
3834  =item NOTES
3835  
3836  =over 4
3837  
3838  =item Backward compatibility
3839  
3840  =item I18N:Collate obsolete
3841  
3842  =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
3843  
3844  =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
3845  
3846  =item Freely available locale definitions
3847  
3848  =item I18n and l10n
3849  
3850  =item An imperfect standard
3851  
3852  =back
3853  
3854  =item Unicode and UTF-8
3855  
3856  =item BUGS
3857  
3858  =over 4
3859  
3860  =item Broken systems
3861  
3862  =back
3863  
3864  =item SEE ALSO
3865  
3866  =item HISTORY
3867  
3868  =back
3869  
3870  =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
3871  
3872  =over 4
3873  
3874  =item DESCRIPTION
3875  
3876  =over 4
3877  
3878  =item Unicode
3879  
3880  =item Perl's Unicode Support
3881  
3882  =item Perl's Unicode Model
3883  
3884  =item Unicode and EBCDIC
3885  
3886  =item Creating Unicode
3887  
3888  =item Handling Unicode
3889  
3890  =item Legacy Encodings
3891  
3892  =item Unicode I/O
3893  
3894  =item Displaying Unicode As Text
3895  
3896  =item Special Cases
3897  
3898  =item Advanced Topics
3899  
3900  =item Miscellaneous
3901  
3902  =item Questions With Answers
3903  
3904  =item Hexadecimal Notation
3905  
3906  =item Further Resources
3907  
3908  =back
3909  
3910  =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
3911  
3912  =item SEE ALSO
3913  
3914  =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
3915  
3916  =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
3917  
3918  =back
3919  
3920  =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
3921  
3922  =over 4
3923  
3924  =item DESCRIPTION
3925  
3926  =over 4
3927  
3928  =item Important Caveats
3929  
3930  Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed to
3931  enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts, BOM-marked scripts and UTF-16 scripts
3932  autodetected, C<use encoding> needed to upgrade non-Latin-1 byte strings
3933  
3934  =item Byte and Character Semantics
3935  
3936  =item Effects of Character Semantics
3937  
3938  =item Unicode Character Properties
3939  
3940  General Category, Bidirectional Character Types, Scripts, Extended property
3941  classes, Use of "Is" Prefix, Blocks
3942  
3943  =item User-Defined Character Properties
3944  
3945  =item User-Defined Case Mappings
3946  
3947  =item Character Encodings for Input and Output
3948  
3949  =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
3950  
3951  =item Unicode Encodings
3952  
3953  =item Security Implications of Unicode
3954  
3955  =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
3956  
3957  =item Locales
3958  
3959  =item When Unicode Does Not Happen
3960  
3961  =item Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl)
3962  
3963  =item Using Unicode in XS
3964  
3965  =back
3966  
3967  =item BUGS
3968  
3969  =over 4
3970  
3971  =item Interaction with Locales
3972  
3973  =item Interaction with Extensions
3974  
3975  =item Speed
3976  
3977  =item Porting code from perl-5.6.X
3978  
3979  =back
3980  
3981  =item SEE ALSO
3982  
3983  =back
3984  
3985  =head2 perlunifaq - Perl Unicode FAQ
3986  
3987  =over 4
3988  
3989  =item Q and A
3990  
3991  =over 4
3992  
3993  =item perlunitut isn't really a Unicode tutorial, is it?
3994  
3995  =item What character encodings does Perl support?
3996  
3997  =item Which version of perl should I use?
3998  
3999  =item What about binary data, like images?
4000  
4001  =item When should I decode or encode?
4002  
4003  =item What if I don't decode?
4004  
4005  =item What if I don't encode?
4006  
4007  =item Is there a way to automatically decode or encode?
4008  
4009  =item What if I don't know which encoding was used?
4010  
4011  =item Can I use Unicode in my Perl sources?
4012  
4013  =item Data::Dumper doesn't restore the UTF8 flag; is it broken?
4014  
4015  =item Why do regex character classes sometimes match only in the ASCII
4016  range?
4017  
4018  =item Why do some characters not uppercase or lowercase correctly?
4019  
4020  =item How can I determine if a string is a text string or a binary string?
4021  
4022  =item How do I convert from encoding FOO to encoding BAR?
4023  
4024  =item What are C<decode_utf8> and C<encode_utf8>?
4025  
4026  =item What is a "wide character"?
4027  
4028  =back
4029  
4030  =item INTERNALS
4031  
4032  =over 4
4033  
4034  =item What is "the UTF8 flag"?
4035  
4036  =item What about the C<use bytes> pragma?
4037  
4038  =item What about the C<use encoding> pragma?
4039  
4040  =item What is the difference between C<:encoding> and C<:utf8>?
4041  
4042  =item What's the difference between C<UTF-8> and C<utf8>?
4043  
4044  =item I lost track; what encoding is the internal format really?
4045  
4046  =back
4047  
4048  =item AUTHOR
4049  
4050  =item SEE ALSO
4051  
4052  =back
4053  
4054  =head2 perlunitut - Perl Unicode Tutorial
4055  
4056  =over 4
4057  
4058  =item DESCRIPTION
4059  
4060  =over 4
4061  
4062  =item Definitions
4063  
4064  =item Your new toolkit
4065  
4066  =item I/O flow (the actual 5 minute tutorial)
4067  
4068  =back
4069  
4070  =item SUMMARY
4071  
4072  =item Q and A (or FAQ)
4073  
4074  =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
4075  
4076  =item AUTHOR
4077  
4078  =item SEE ALSO
4079  
4080  =back
4081  
4082  =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
4083  
4084  =over 4
4085  
4086  =item DESCRIPTION
4087  
4088  =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
4089  
4090  =over 4
4091  
4092  =item ASCII
4093  
4094  =item ISO 8859
4095  
4096  =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
4097  
4098  =item EBCDIC
4099  
4100  =item 13 variant characters
4101  
4102  =item 0037
4103  
4104  =item 1047
4105  
4106  =item POSIX-BC
4107  
4108  =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
4109  
4110  =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
4111  
4112  =item Unicode and UTF
4113  
4114  =item Using Encode
4115  
4116  =back
4117  
4118  =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
4119  
4120  recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
4121  
4122  =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
4123  
4124  =item CONVERSIONS
4125  
4126  =over 4
4127  
4128  =item tr///
4129  
4130  =item iconv
4131  
4132  =item C RTL
4133  
4134  =back
4135  
4136  =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
4137  
4138  =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
4139  
4140  chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
4141  
4142  =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
4143  
4144  =item SOCKETS
4145  
4146  =item SORTING
4147  
4148  =over 4
4149  
4150  =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
4151  
4152  =item MONO CASE then sort data.
4153  
4154  =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
4155  
4156  =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
4157  
4158  =back
4159  
4160  =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
4161  
4162  =over 4
4163  
4164  =item URL decoding and encoding
4165  
4166  =item uu encoding and decoding
4167  
4168  =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
4169  
4170  =item Caesarian ciphers
4171  
4172  =back
4173  
4174  =item Hashing order and checksums
4175  
4176  =item I18N AND L10N
4177  
4178  =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
4179  
4180  =item OS ISSUES
4181  
4182  =over 4
4183  
4184  =item OS/400
4185  
4186  PASE, IFS access
4187  
4188  =item OS/390, z/OS
4189  
4190  chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
4191  
4192  =item VM/ESA?
4193  
4194  =item POSIX-BC?
4195  
4196  =back
4197  
4198  =item BUGS
4199  
4200  =item SEE ALSO
4201  
4202  =item REFERENCES
4203  
4204  =item HISTORY
4205  
4206  =item AUTHOR
4207  
4208  =back
4209  
4210  =head2 perlsec - Perl security
4211  
4212  =over 4
4213  
4214  =item DESCRIPTION
4215  
4216  =over 4
4217  
4218  =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
4219  
4220  =item Switches On the "#!" Line
4221  
4222  =item Taint mode and @INC
4223  
4224  =item Cleaning Up Your Path
4225  
4226  =item Security Bugs
4227  
4228  =item Protecting Your Programs
4229  
4230  =item Unicode
4231  
4232  =item Algorithmic Complexity Attacks
4233  
4234  =back
4235  
4236  =item SEE ALSO
4237  
4238  =back
4239  
4240  =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
4241  
4242  =over 4
4243  
4244  =item DESCRIPTION
4245  
4246  =over 4
4247  
4248  =item Packages
4249  X<package> X<namespace> X<variable, global> X<global variable> X<global>
4250  
4251  =item Symbol Tables
4252  X<symbol table> X<stash> X<%::> X<%main::> X<typeglob> X<glob> X<alias>
4253  
4254  =item BEGIN, UNITCHECK, CHECK, INIT and END
4255  X<BEGIN> X<UNITCHECK> X<CHECK> X<INIT> X<END>
4256  
4257  =item Perl Classes
4258  X<class> X<@ISA>
4259  
4260  =item Perl Modules
4261  X<module>
4262  
4263  =item Making your module threadsafe
4264  X<threadsafe> X<thread safe>
4265  X<module, threadsafe> X<module, thread safe>
4266  X<CLONE> X<CLONE_SKIP> X<thread> X<threads> X<ithread>
4267  
4268  =back
4269  
4270  =item SEE ALSO
4271  
4272  =back
4273  
4274  =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
4275  
4276  =over 4
4277  
4278  =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
4279  
4280  =over 4
4281  
4282  =item Pragmatic Modules
4283  
4284  attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes,
4285  charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding, encoding::warnings, feature,
4286  fields, filetest, if, integer, less, lib, locale, mro, open, ops, overload,
4287  re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, threads::shared, utf8, vars,
4288  version, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
4289  
4290  =item Standard Modules
4291  
4292  AnyDBM_File, Archive::Extract, Archive::Tar, Archive::Tar::File,
4293  Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Concise, B::Debug,
4294  B::Deparse, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, CGI,
4295  CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push,
4296  CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CORE, CPAN, CPAN::API::HOWTO, CPAN::FirstTime,
4297  CPAN::Kwalify, CPAN::Nox, CPAN::Version, CPANPLUS, CPANPLUS::Dist::Base,
4298  CPANPLUS::Dist::Sample, CPANPLUS::Shell::Classic,
4299  CPANPLUS::Shell::Default::Plugins::HOWTO, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
4300  Class::Struct, Compress::Raw::Zlib, Compress::Zlib, Config, Cwd, DB,
4301  DBM_Filter, DBM_Filter::compress, DBM_Filter::encode, DBM_Filter::int32,
4302  DBM_Filter::null, DBM_Filter::utf8, DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf,
4303  Devel::InnerPackage, Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, Digest::MD5,
4304  Digest::SHA, Digest::base, Digest::file, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader,
4305  Encode, Encode::Alias, Encode::Byte, Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN,
4306  Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::Config, Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder,
4307  Encode::Encoding, Encode::GSM0338, Encode::Guess, Encode::JP,
4308  Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR,
4309  Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Name, Encode::PerlIO,
4310  Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW, Encode::Unicode,
4311  Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
4312  ExtUtils::CBuilder, ExtUtils::CBuilder::Platform::Windows,
4313  ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant,
4314  ExtUtils::Constant::Base, ExtUtils::Constant::Utils,
4315  ExtUtils::Constant::XS, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install,
4316  ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_AIX,
4317  ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS,
4318  ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_QNX,
4319  ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_VOS,
4320  ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
4321  ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ,
4322  ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes,
4323  ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap,
4324  ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::ParseXS,
4325  ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree,
4326  File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Fetch, File::Find,
4327  File::Glob, File::GlobMapper, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin,
4328  File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2,
4329  File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp,
4330  File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call,
4331  FindBin, GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util,
4332  Hash::Util::FieldHash, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags,
4333  I18N::LangTags::Detect, I18N::LangTags::List, I18N::Langinfo, IO,
4334  IO::Compress::Base, IO::Compress::Deflate, IO::Compress::Gzip,
4335  IO::Compress::RawDeflate, IO::Compress::Zip, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle,
4336  IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET,
4337  IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate,
4338  IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress, IO::Uncompress::Base,
4339  IO::Uncompress::Gunzip, IO::Uncompress::Inflate,
4340  IO::Uncompress::RawInflate, IO::Uncompress::Unzip, IO::Zlib, IPC::Cmd,
4341  IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::SysV, IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::SysV::Semaphore,
4342  List::Util, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency,
4343  Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::Simple,
4344  Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, Log::Message,
4345  Log::Message::Config, Log::Message::Handlers, Log::Message::Item,
4346  MIME::Base64, MIME::QuotedPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
4347  Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigInt::CalcEmu, Math::BigInt::FastCalc,
4348  Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File,
4349  Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest,
4350  Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, Module::Build,
4351  Module::Build::API, Module::Build::Authoring, Module::Build::Base,
4352  Module::Build::Compat, Module::Build::ConfigData, Module::Build::Cookbook,
4353  Module::Build::ModuleInfo, Module::Build::Notes, Module::Build::PPMMaker,
4354  Module::Build::Platform::Amiga, Module::Build::Platform::Default,
4355  Module::Build::Platform::EBCDIC, Module::Build::Platform::MPEiX,
4356  Module::Build::Platform::MacOS, Module::Build::Platform::RiscOS,
4357  Module::Build::Platform::Unix, Module::Build::Platform::VMS,
4358  Module::Build::Platform::VOS, Module::Build::Platform::Windows,
4359  Module::Build::Platform::aix, Module::Build::Platform::cygwin,
4360  Module::Build::Platform::darwin, Module::Build::Platform::os2,
4361  Module::Build::YAML, Module::CoreList, Module::Load,
4362  Module::Load::Conditional, Module::Loaded, Module::Pluggable,
4363  Module::Pluggable::Object, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd, Net::Config,
4364  Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, Net::Ping,
4365  Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent,
4366  Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX,
4367  Package::Constants, Params::Check, PerlIO, PerlIO::encoding,
4368  PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint, Pod::Checker,
4369  Pod::Escapes, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects,
4370  Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
4371  Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff,
4372  Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToText,
4373  Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::PlainText, Pod::Plainer,
4374  Pod::Select, Pod::Simple, Pod::Simple::Checker, Pod::Simple::Debug,
4375  Pod::Simple::DumpAsText, Pod::Simple::DumpAsXML, Pod::Simple::HTML,
4376  Pod::Simple::HTMLBatch, Pod::Simple::LinkSection, Pod::Simple::Methody,
4377  Pod::Simple::PullParser, Pod::Simple::PullParserEndToken,
4378  Pod::Simple::PullParserStartToken, Pod::Simple::PullParserTextToken,
4379  Pod::Simple::PullParserToken, Pod::Simple::RTF, Pod::Simple::Search,
4380  Pod::Simple::SimpleTree, Pod::Simple::Subclassing, Pod::Simple::Text,
4381  Pod::Simple::TextContent, Pod::Simple::XMLOutStream, Pod::Text,
4382  Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage,
4383  SDBM_File, Safe, Scalar::Util, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader,
4384  Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog,
4385  Sys::Syslog::win32::Win32, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete,
4386  Term::ReadLine, Term::UI, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Builder::Module,
4387  Test::Builder::Tester, Test::Builder::Tester::Color, Test::Harness,
4388  Test::Harness::Assert, Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Point,
4389  Test::Harness::Results, Test::Harness::Straps, Test::Harness::TAP,
4390  Test::Harness::Util, Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial,
4391  Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs,
4392  Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Tie::Array,
4393  Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Hash::NamedCapture, Tie::Memoize,
4394  Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes, Time::Local,
4395  Time::Piece, Time::Piece::Seconds, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm,
4396  UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Unicode::UCD, User::grent,
4397  User::pwent, Win32, Win32API::File, Win32CORE, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap,
4398  XSLoader
4399  
4400  =item Extension Modules
4401  
4402  =back
4403  
4404  =item CPAN
4405  
4406  =over 4
4407  
4408  =item Africa
4409  
4410  South Africa
4411  
4412  =item Asia
4413  
4414  China, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Russian Federation, Saudi
4415  Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand
4416  
4417  =item Central America
4418  
4419  Costa Rica
4420  
4421  =item Europe
4422  
4423  Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
4424  Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
4425  Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
4426  Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
4427  Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom
4428  
4429  =item North America
4430  
4431  Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Mexico, United States,
4432  Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
4433  Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, New York,
4434  North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah,
4435  Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin
4436  
4437  =item Oceania
4438  
4439  Australia, New Zealand, United States
4440  
4441  =item South America
4442  
4443  Argentina, Brazil, Chile
4444  
4445  =item RSYNC Mirrors
4446  
4447  =back
4448  
4449  =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
4450  
4451  =over 4
4452  
4453  =item Guidelines for Module Creation
4454  
4455  =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
4456  
4457  =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
4458  
4459  =back
4460  
4461  =item NOTE
4462  
4463  =back
4464  
4465  =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
4466  
4467  =over 4
4468  
4469  =item INTRODUCTION
4470  
4471  =item QUICK CHECKLIST
4472  
4473  =over 4
4474  
4475  =item Before you start
4476  
4477  =item The API
4478  
4479  =item Stability
4480  
4481  =item Documentation
4482  
4483  =item Release considerations
4484  
4485  =back
4486  
4487  =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
4488  
4489  =over 4
4490  
4491  =item Has it been done before?
4492  
4493  =item Do one thing and do it well
4494  
4495  =item What's in a name?
4496  
4497  =back
4498  
4499  =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
4500  
4501  =over 4
4502  
4503  =item To OO or not to OO?
4504  
4505  =item Designing your API
4506  
4507  Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
4508  output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
4509  Parameter passing
4510  
4511  =item Strictness and warnings
4512  
4513  =item Backwards compatibility
4514  
4515  =item Error handling and messages
4516  
4517  =back
4518  
4519  =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
4520  
4521  =over 4
4522  
4523  =item POD
4524  
4525  =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
4526  
4527  perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build,
4528  perl Build test, perl Build install
4529  
4530  =back
4531  
4532  =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
4533  
4534  =over 4
4535  
4536  =item Version numbering
4537  
4538  =item Pre-requisites
4539  
4540  =item Testing
4541  
4542  =item Packaging
4543  
4544  =item Licensing
4545  
4546  =back
4547  
4548  =item COMMON PITFALLS
4549  
4550  =over 4
4551  
4552  =item Reinventing the wheel
4553  
4554  =item Trying to do too much
4555  
4556  =item Inappropriate documentation
4557  
4558  =back
4559  
4560  =item SEE ALSO
4561  
4562  L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Packaging Tools,
4563  Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software
4564  engineering
4565  
4566  =item AUTHOR
4567  
4568  =back
4569  
4570  =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
4571  
4572  =over 4
4573  
4574  =item DESCRIPTION
4575  
4576  =over 4
4577  
4578  =item PREAMBLE
4579  
4580  B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
4581  module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
4582  
4583  =back
4584  
4585  =item PORTABILITY
4586  
4587  =item HEY
4588  
4589  =item AUTHOR
4590  
4591  =item COPYRIGHT
4592  
4593  =back
4594  
4595  =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
4596  
4597  =over 4
4598  
4599  =item DESCRIPTION
4600  
4601  =over 4
4602  
4603  =item Warning
4604  
4605  =item What should I make into a module?
4606  
4607  =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
4608  
4609  Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
4610  
4611  =item Step-by-step: Making the module
4612  
4613  Start with F<module-starter> or F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and
4614  L<warnings|warnings>, Use L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!,
4615  Use L<plain old documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
4616  
4617  =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
4618  
4619  Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
4620  tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
4621  
4622  =back
4623  
4624  =item AUTHOR
4625  
4626  =item SEE ALSO
4627  
4628  =back
4629  
4630  =head2 perlpragma - how to write a user pragma
4631  
4632  =over 4
4633  
4634  =item DESCRIPTION
4635  
4636  =item A basic example
4637  
4638  =item Implementation details
4639  
4640  =back
4641  
4642  =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4643  
4644  =over 4
4645  
4646  =item DESCRIPTION
4647  
4648  =item LIST OF UTILITIES
4649  
4650  =over 4
4651  
4652  =item Documentation
4653  
4654  L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4655  L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4656  L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4657  L<roffitall|roffitall>
4658  
4659  =item Convertors
4660  
4661  L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p> and L<psed>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4662  
4663  =item Administration
4664  
4665  L<config_data|config_data>, L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>, L<perlivp>
4666  
4667  =item Development
4668  
4669  L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4670  L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<enc2xs>, L<xsubpp>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<prove>,
4671  L<corelist>
4672  
4673  =item General tools
4674  
4675  L<piconv>, L<ptar>, L<ptardiff>, L<shasum>
4676  
4677  =item Installation
4678  
4679  L<cpan>, L<cpanp>, L<cpan2dist>, L<instmodsh>
4680  
4681  =back
4682  
4683  =item SEE ALSO
4684  
4685  =back
4686  
4687  =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator 
4688  
4689  =over 4
4690  
4691  =item DESCRIPTION
4692  
4693  =over 4
4694  
4695  =item Layout
4696  
4697  B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
4698  
4699  =back
4700  
4701  =item Using The Back Ends
4702  
4703  =over 4
4704  
4705  =item The Cross Referencing Back End
4706  
4707  i, &, s, r
4708  
4709  =item The Decompiling Back End
4710  
4711  =item The Lint Back End
4712  
4713  =back
4714  
4715  =item Module List for the Compiler Suite
4716  
4717  B, O, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Terse,
4718  B::Xref
4719  
4720  =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4721  
4722  =item AUTHOR
4723  
4724  =back
4725  
4726  =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4727  
4728  =over 4
4729  
4730  =item DESCRIPTION
4731  
4732  =item CONCEPTS
4733  
4734  =item USING FILTERS
4735  
4736  =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4737  
4738  =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4739  
4740  B<Decryption Filters>
4741  
4742  =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4743  
4744  =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4745  
4746  =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4747  
4748  =item CONCLUSION
4749  
4750  =item THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR
4751  
4752  Some Filters Clobber the C<DATA> Handle
4753  
4754  =item REQUIREMENTS
4755  
4756  =item AUTHOR
4757  
4758  =item Copyrights
4759  
4760  =back
4761  
4762  =head2 perlglossary - Perl Glossary
4763  
4764  =over 4
4765  
4766  =item DESCRIPTION
4767  
4768  =over 4
4769  
4770  =item A
4771  
4772  accessor methods, actual arguments, address operator, algorithm, alias,
4773  alternatives, anonymous, architecture, argument, ARGV, arithmetical
4774  operator, array, array context, ASCII, assertion, assignment, assignment
4775  operator, associative array, associativity, asynchronous, atom, atomic
4776  operation, attribute, autogeneration, autoincrement, autoload, autosplit,
4777  autovivification, AV, awk
4778  
4779  =item B
4780  
4781  backreference, backtracking, backward compatibility, bareword, base class,
4782  big-endian, binary, binary operator, bind, bit, bit shift, bit string,
4783  bless, block, BLOCK, block buffering, Boolean, Boolean context, breakpoint,
4784  broadcast, BSD, bucket, buffer, built-in, bundle, byte, bytecode
4785  
4786  =item C
4787  
4788  C, C preprocessor, call by reference, call by value, callback, canonical,
4789  capturing, character, character class, character property, circumfix
4790  operator, class, class method, client, cloister, closure, cluster, CODE,
4791  code generator, code subpattern, collating sequence, command, command
4792  buffering, command name, command-line arguments, comment, compilation unit,
4793  compile phase, compile time, compiler, composer, concatenation,
4794  conditional, connection, construct, constructor, context, continuation,
4795  core dump, CPAN, cracker, current package, current working directory,
4796  currently selected output channel, CV
4797  
4798  =item D
4799  
4800  dangling statement, data structure, data type, datagram, DBM, declaration,
4801  decrement, default, defined, delimiter, deprecated modules and features,
4802  dereference, derived class, descriptor, destroy, destructor, device,
4803  directive, directory, directory handle, dispatch, distribution, (to be)
4804  dropped modules, dweomer, dwimmer, dynamic scoping
4805  
4806  =item E
4807  
4808  eclectic, element, embedding, empty subclass test, en passant,
4809  encapsulation, endian, environment, environment variable, EOF, errno,
4810  error, escape sequence, exception, exception handling, exec, executable
4811  file, execute, execute bit, exit status, export, expression, extension
4812  
4813  =item F
4814  
4815  false, FAQ, fatal error, field, FIFO, file, file descriptor, file test
4816  operator, fileglob, filehandle, filename, filesystem, filter, flag,
4817  floating point, flush, FMTEYEWTK, fork, formal arguments, format, freely
4818  available, freely redistributable, freeware, function, funny character,
4819  garbage collection
4820  
4821  =item G
4822  
4823  GID, glob, global, global destruction, glue language, granularity, greedy,
4824  grep, group, GV
4825  
4826  =item H
4827  
4828  hacker, handler, hard reference, hash, hash table, header file, here
4829  document, hexadecimal, home directory, host, hubris, HV
4830  
4831  =item I
4832  
4833  identifier, impatience, implementation, import, increment, indexing,
4834  indirect filehandle, indirect object, indirect object slot, indirection,
4835  infix, inheritance, instance, instance variable, integer, interface,
4836  interpolation, interpreter, invocant, invocation, I/O, IO, IP, IPC, is-a,
4837  iteration, iterator, IV
4838  
4839  =item J
4840  
4841  JAPH
4842  
4843  =item K
4844  
4845  key, keyword
4846  
4847  =item L
4848  
4849  label, laziness, left shift, leftmost longest, lexeme, lexer, lexical
4850  analysis, lexical scoping, lexical variable, library, LIFO, line, line
4851  buffering, line number, link, LIST, list, list context, list operator, list
4852  value, literal, little-endian, local, logical operator, lookahead,
4853  lookbehind, loop, loop control statement, loop label, lvaluable, lvalue,
4854  lvalue modifier
4855  
4856  =item M
4857  
4858  magic, magical increment, magical variables, Makefile, man, manpage,
4859  matching, member data, memory, metacharacter, metasymbol, method,
4860  minimalism, mode, modifier, module, modulus, monger, mortal,
4861  multidimensional array, multiple inheritance
4862  
4863  =item N
4864  
4865  named pipe, namespace, network address, newline, NFS, null character, null
4866  list, null string, numeric context, NV, nybble
4867  
4868  =item O
4869  
4870  object, octal, offset, one-liner, open source software, operand, operating
4871  system, operator, operator overloading, options, overloading, overriding,
4872  owner
4873  
4874  =item P
4875  
4876  package, pad, parameter, parent class, parse tree, parsing, patch, PATH,
4877  pathname, pattern, pattern matching, permission bits, Pern, pipe, pipeline,
4878  platform, pod, pointer, polymorphism, port, portable, porter, POSIX,
4879  postfix, pp, pragma, precedence, prefix, preprocessing, procedure, process,
4880  program generator, progressive matching, property, protocol, prototype,
4881  pseudofunction, pseudohash, pseudoliteral, public domain, pumpkin,
4882  pumpking, PV
4883  
4884  =item Q
4885  
4886  qualified, quantifier
4887  
4888  =item R
4889  
4890  readable, reaping, record, recursion, reference, referent, regex, regular
4891  expression, regular expression modifier, regular file, relational operator,
4892  reserved words, return value, RFC, right shift, root, RTFM, run phase, run
4893  time, run-time pattern, RV, rvalue
4894  
4895  =item S
4896  
4897  scalar, scalar context, scalar literal, scalar value, scalar variable,
4898  scope, scratchpad, script, script kiddie, sed, semaphore, separator,
4899  serialization, server, service, setgid, setuid, shared memory, shebang,
4900  shell, side effects, signal, signal handler, single inheritance, slice,
4901  slurp, socket, soft reference, source filter, stack, standard, standard
4902  error, standard I/O, standard input, standard output, stat structure,
4903  statement, statement modifier, static, static method, static scoping,
4904  static variable, status, STDERR, STDIN, STDIO, STDOUT, stream, string,
4905  string context, stringification, struct, structure, subclass, subpattern,
4906  subroutine, subscript, substitution, substring, superclass, superuser, SV,
4907  switch, switch cluster, switch statement, symbol, symbol table, symbolic
4908  debugger, symbolic link, symbolic reference, synchronous, syntactic sugar,
4909  syntax, syntax tree, syscall
4910  
4911  =item T
4912  
4913  tainted, TCP, term, terminator, ternary, text, thread, tie, TMTOWTDI,
4914  token, tokener, tokenizing, toolbox approach, transliterate, trigger,
4915  trinary, troff, true, truncating, type, type casting, typed lexical,
4916  typedef, typeglob, typemap
4917  
4918  =item U
4919  
4920  UDP, UID, umask, unary operator, Unicode, Unix
4921  
4922  =item V
4923  
4924  value, variable, variable interpolation, variadic, vector, virtual, void
4925  context, v-string
4926  
4927  =item W
4928  
4929  warning, watch expression, whitespace, word, working directory, wrapper,
4930  WYSIWYG
4931  
4932  =item X
4933  
4934  XS, XSUB
4935  
4936  =item Y
4937  
4938  yacc
4939  
4940  =item Z
4941  
4942  zero width, zombie
4943  
4944  =back
4945  
4946  =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
4947  
4948  =back
4949  
4950  =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
4951  
4952  =over 4
4953  
4954  =item DESCRIPTION
4955  
4956  =over 4
4957  
4958  =item PREAMBLE
4959  
4960  B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
4961  Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
4962  
4963  =item ROADMAP
4964  
4965  =item Compiling your C program
4966  
4967  =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
4968  
4969  =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
4970  
4971  =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
4972  
4973  =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
4974  
4975  =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
4976  
4977  =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
4978  
4979  =item Execution of END blocks
4980  
4981  =item $0 assignments
4982  
4983  =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
4984  
4985  =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
4986  program
4987  
4988  =back
4989  
4990  =item Embedding Perl under Win32
4991  
4992  =item Hiding Perl_
4993  
4994  =item MORAL
4995  
4996  =item AUTHOR
4997  
4998  =item COPYRIGHT
4999  
5000  =back
5001  
5002  =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging 
5003  
5004  =over 4
5005  
5006  =item DESCRIPTION
5007  
5008  =item Debugger Internals
5009  
5010  =over 4
5011  
5012  =item Writing Your Own Debugger
5013  
5014  =back
5015  
5016  =item Frame Listing Output Examples
5017  
5018  =item Debugging regular expressions
5019  
5020  =over 4
5021  
5022  =item Compile-time output
5023  
5024  C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
5025  I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
5026  I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
5027  C<anchored(TYPE)>
5028  
5029  =item Types of nodes
5030  
5031  =item Run-time output
5032  
5033  =back
5034  
5035  =item Debugging Perl memory usage
5036  
5037  =over 4
5038  
5039  =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
5040  
5041  C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
5042  SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
5043  6144>
5044  
5045  =back
5046  
5047  =item SEE ALSO
5048  
5049  =back
5050  
5051  =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
5052  
5053  =over 4
5054  
5055  =item DESCRIPTION
5056  
5057  =item SPECIAL NOTES
5058  
5059  =over 4
5060  
5061  =item make
5062  
5063  =item Version caveat
5064  
5065  =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
5066  
5067  =back
5068  
5069  =item TUTORIAL
5070  
5071  =over 4
5072  
5073  =item EXAMPLE 1
5074  
5075  =item EXAMPLE 2
5076  
5077  =item What has gone on?
5078  
5079  =item Writing good test scripts
5080  
5081  =item EXAMPLE 3
5082  
5083  =item What's new here?
5084  
5085  =item Input and Output Parameters
5086  
5087  =item The XSUBPP Program
5088  
5089  =item The TYPEMAP file
5090  
5091  =item Warning about Output Arguments
5092  
5093  =item EXAMPLE 4
5094  
5095  =item What has happened here?
5096  
5097  =item Anatomy of .xs file
5098  
5099  =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
5100  
5101  =item More about XSUB arguments
5102  
5103  =item The Argument Stack
5104  
5105  =item Extending your Extension
5106  
5107  =item Documenting your Extension
5108  
5109  =item Installing your Extension
5110  
5111  =item EXAMPLE 5
5112  
5113  =item New Things in this Example
5114  
5115  =item EXAMPLE 6
5116  
5117  =item New Things in this Example
5118  
5119  =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
5120  
5121  =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
5122  
5123  =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
5124  
5125  =item Troubleshooting these Examples
5126  
5127  =back
5128  
5129  =item See also
5130  
5131  =item Author
5132  
5133  =over 4
5134  
5135  =item Last Changed
5136  
5137  =back
5138  
5139  =back
5140  
5141  =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
5142  
5143  =over 4
5144  
5145  =item DESCRIPTION
5146  
5147  =over 4
5148  
5149  =item Introduction
5150  
5151  =item On The Road
5152  
5153  =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
5154  
5155  =item The Argument Stack
5156  
5157  =item The RETVAL Variable
5158  
5159  =item Returning SVs, AVs and HVs through RETVAL
5160  
5161  =item The MODULE Keyword
5162  
5163  =item The PACKAGE Keyword
5164  
5165  =item The PREFIX Keyword
5166  
5167  =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
5168  
5169  =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
5170  
5171  =item The CODE: Keyword
5172  
5173  =item The INIT: Keyword
5174  
5175  =item The NO_INIT Keyword
5176  
5177  =item Initializing Function Parameters
5178  
5179  =item Default Parameter Values
5180  
5181  =item The PREINIT: Keyword
5182  
5183  =item The SCOPE: Keyword
5184  
5185  =item The INPUT: Keyword
5186  
5187  =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
5188  
5189  =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
5190  
5191  =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
5192  
5193  =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
5194  
5195  =item The PPCODE: Keyword
5196  
5197  =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
5198  
5199  =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
5200  
5201  =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
5202  
5203  =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
5204  
5205  =item The BOOT: Keyword
5206  
5207  =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
5208  
5209  =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
5210  
5211  =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
5212  
5213  =item The ALIAS: Keyword
5214  
5215  =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
5216  
5217  =item The FALLBACK: Keyword
5218  
5219  =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
5220  
5221  =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
5222  
5223  =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
5224  
5225  =item The CASE: Keyword
5226  
5227  =item The & Unary Operator
5228  
5229  =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
5230  
5231  =item Using XS With C++
5232  
5233  =item Interface Strategy
5234  
5235  =item Perl Objects And C Structures
5236  
5237  =item The Typemap
5238  
5239  =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
5240  
5241  MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT,
5242  aMY_CXT/pMY_CXT, MY_CXT_CLONE, MY_CXT_INIT_INTERP(my_perl),
5243  dMY_CXT_INTERP(my_perl)
5244  
5245  =item Thread-aware system interfaces
5246  
5247  =back
5248  
5249  =item EXAMPLES
5250  
5251  =item XS VERSION
5252  
5253  =item AUTHOR
5254  
5255  =back
5256  
5257  =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
5258  
5259  =over 4
5260  
5261  =item DESCRIPTION
5262  
5263  =over 4
5264  
5265  =item Conventions
5266  
5267  C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
5268  
5269  =item File Operations
5270  
5271  =item File Input and Output
5272  
5273  =item File Positioning
5274  
5275  =item Memory Management and String Handling
5276  
5277  =item Character Class Tests
5278  
5279  =item F<stdlib.h> functions
5280  
5281  =item Miscellaneous functions
5282  
5283  =back
5284  
5285  =item SEE ALSO
5286  
5287  =back
5288  
5289  =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
5290  
5291  =over 4
5292  
5293  =item DESCRIPTION
5294  
5295  =item Variables
5296  
5297  =over 4
5298  
5299  =item Datatypes
5300  
5301  =item What is an "IV"?
5302  
5303  =item Working with SVs
5304  
5305  =item Offsets
5306  
5307  =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
5308  
5309  =item Working with AVs
5310  
5311  =item Working with HVs
5312  
5313  =item Hash API Extensions
5314  
5315  =item AVs, HVs and undefined values
5316  
5317  =item References
5318  
5319  =item Blessed References and Class Objects
5320  
5321  =item Creating New Variables
5322  
5323  GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
5324  
5325  =item Reference Counts and Mortality
5326  
5327  =item Stashes and Globs
5328  
5329  =item Double-Typed SVs
5330  
5331  =item Magic Variables
5332  
5333  =item Assigning Magic
5334  
5335  =item Magic Virtual Tables
5336  
5337  =item Finding Magic
5338  
5339  =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
5340  
5341  =item Localizing changes
5342  
5343  C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
5344  C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
5345  *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
5346  C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
5347  C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
5348  C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
5349  save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
5350  C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
5351  C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
5352  save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
5353  
5354  =back
5355  
5356  =item Subroutines
5357  
5358  =over 4
5359  
5360  =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
5361  
5362  =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
5363  
5364  =item Memory Allocation
5365  
5366  =item PerlIO
5367  
5368  =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
5369  
5370  =item Scratchpads
5371  
5372  =item Scratchpads and recursion
5373  
5374  =back
5375  
5376  =item Compiled code
5377  
5378  =over 4
5379  
5380  =item Code tree
5381  
5382  =item Examining the tree
5383  
5384  =item Compile pass 1: check routines
5385  
5386  =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
5387  
5388  =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
5389  
5390  =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
5391  
5392  =item Pluggable runops
5393  
5394  =back
5395  
5396  =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
5397  
5398  =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
5399  
5400  =over 4
5401  
5402  =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
5403  
5404  =item So what happened to dTHR?
5405  
5406  =item How do I use all this in extensions?
5407  
5408  =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
5409  
5410  =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
5411  
5412  =back
5413  
5414  =item Internal Functions
5415  
5416  A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, x, m, X, E, b, others
5417  
5418  =over 4
5419  
5420  =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
5421  
5422  =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
5423  
5424  =item Exception Handling
5425  
5426  =item Source Documentation
5427  
5428  =item Backwards compatibility
5429  
5430  =back
5431  
5432  =item Unicode Support
5433  
5434  =over 4
5435  
5436  =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
5437  
5438  =item How can I recognise a UTF-8 string?
5439  
5440  =item How does UTF-8 represent Unicode characters?
5441  
5442  =item How does Perl store UTF-8 strings?
5443  
5444  =item How do I convert a string to UTF-8?
5445  
5446  =item Is there anything else I need to know?
5447  
5448  =back
5449  
5450  =item Custom Operators
5451  
5452  =item AUTHORS
5453  
5454  =item SEE ALSO
5455  
5456  =back
5457  
5458  =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
5459  
5460  =over 4
5461  
5462  =item DESCRIPTION
5463  
5464  An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
5465  
5466  =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
5467  
5468  call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
5469  
5470  =item FLAG VALUES
5471  
5472  =over 4
5473  
5474  =item  G_VOID
5475  
5476  =item  G_SCALAR
5477  
5478  =item G_ARRAY
5479  
5480  =item G_DISCARD
5481  
5482  =item G_NOARGS
5483  
5484  =item G_EVAL
5485  
5486  =item G_KEEPERR
5487  
5488  =item Determining the Context
5489  
5490  =back
5491  
5492  =item EXAMPLES
5493  
5494  =over 4
5495  
5496  =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
5497  
5498  =item Passing Parameters
5499  
5500  =item Returning a Scalar
5501  
5502  =item Returning a list of values
5503  
5504  =item Returning a list in a scalar context
5505  
5506  =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
5507  
5508  =item Using G_EVAL
5509  
5510  =item Using G_KEEPERR
5511  
5512  =item Using call_sv
5513  
5514  =item Using call_argv
5515  
5516  =item Using call_method
5517  
5518  =item Using GIMME_V
5519  
5520  =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
5521  
5522  =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
5523  
5524  1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
5525  callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
5526  callback
5527  
5528  =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
5529  
5530  =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
5531  
5532  =back
5533  
5534  =item LIGHTWEIGHT CALLBACKS
5535  
5536  =item SEE ALSO
5537  
5538  =item AUTHOR
5539  
5540  =item DATE
5541  
5542  =back
5543  
5544  =head2 perlreapi - perl regular expression plugin interface
5545  
5546  =over 4
5547  
5548  =item DESCRIPTION
5549  
5550  =item Callbacks
5551  
5552  =over 4
5553  
5554  =item comp
5555  
5556  C</m> - RXf_PMf_MULTILINE, C</s> - RXf_PMf_SINGLELINE, C</i> -
5557  RXf_PMf_FOLD, C</x> - RXf_PMf_EXTENDED, C</p> - RXf_PMf_KEEPCOPY,
5558  RXf_PMf_LOCALE, RXf_UTF8, RXf_SPLIT, RXf_SKIPWHITE, RXf_START_ONLY,
5559  RXf_WHITE, RXf_NULL
5560  
5561  =item exec
5562  
5563  =item intuit
5564  
5565  =item checkstr
5566  
5567  =item free
5568  
5569  =item Numbered capture callbacks
5570  
5571  =item Named capture callbacks
5572  
5573  =item qr_package
5574  
5575  =item dupe
5576  
5577  =back
5578  
5579  =item The REGEXP structure
5580  
5581  =over 4
5582  
5583  =item C<engine>
5584  
5585  =item C<mother_re>
5586  
5587  =item C<extflags>
5588  
5589  =item C<minlen> C<minlenret>
5590  
5591  =item C<gofs>
5592  
5593  =item C<substrs>
5594  
5595  =item C<nparens>, C<lasparen>, and C<lastcloseparen>
5596  
5597  =item C<intflags>
5598  
5599  =item C<pprivate>
5600  
5601  =item C<swap>
5602  
5603  =item C<offs>
5604  
5605  =item C<precomp> C<prelen>
5606  
5607  =item C<paren_names>
5608  
5609  =item C<substrs>
5610  
5611  =item C<subbeg> C<sublen> C<saved_copy>
5612  
5613  =item C<wrapped> C<wraplen>
5614  
5615  =item C<seen_evals>
5616  
5617  =item C<refcnt>
5618  
5619  =back
5620  
5621  =item HISTORY
5622  
5623  =item AUTHORS
5624  
5625  =item LICENSE
5626  
5627  =back
5628  
5629  =head2 perlreguts - Description of the Perl regular expression engine.
5630  
5631  =over 4
5632  
5633  =item DESCRIPTION
5634  
5635  =item OVERVIEW
5636  
5637  =over 4
5638  
5639  =item A quick note on terms
5640  
5641  =item What is a regular expression engine?
5642  
5643  =item Structure of a Regexp Program
5644  
5645  C<regnode_1>, C<regnode_2>, C<regnode_string>, C<regnode_charclass>,
5646  C<regnode_charclass_class>
5647  
5648  =back
5649  
5650  =item Process Overview
5651  
5652  A. Compilation, 1. Parsing for size, 2. Parsing for construction, 3.
5653  Peep-hole optimisation and analysis, B. Execution, 4. Start position and
5654  no-match optimisations, 5. Program execution
5655  
5656  =over 4
5657  
5658  =item Compilation
5659  
5660  anchored fixed strings, floating fixed strings, minimum and maximum length
5661  requirements, start class, Beginning/End of line positions
5662  
5663  =item Execution
5664  
5665  =back
5666  
5667  =item MISCELLANEOUS
5668  
5669  =over 4
5670  
5671  =item Unicode and Localisation Support
5672  
5673  =item Base Structures
5674  
5675  C<swap>, C<offsets>, C<regstclass>, C<data>, C<program>
5676  
5677  =back
5678  
5679  =item SEE ALSO
5680  
5681  =item AUTHOR
5682  
5683  =item LICENCE
5684  
5685  =item REFERENCES
5686  
5687  =back
5688  
5689  =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
5690  
5691  =over 4
5692  
5693  =item DESCRIPTION
5694  X<Perl API> X<API> X<api>
5695  
5696  =item "Gimme" Values
5697  
5698  GIMME X<GIMME>, GIMME_V X<GIMME_V>, G_ARRAY X<G_ARRAY>, G_DISCARD
5699  X<G_DISCARD>, G_EVAL X<G_EVAL>, G_NOARGS X<G_NOARGS>, G_SCALAR X<G_SCALAR>,
5700  G_VOID X<G_VOID>
5701  
5702  =item Array Manipulation Functions
5703  
5704  AvFILL X<AvFILL>, av_clear X<av_clear>, av_create_and_push
5705  X<av_create_and_push>, av_create_and_unshift_one
5706  X<av_create_and_unshift_one>, av_delete X<av_delete>, av_exists
5707  X<av_exists>, av_extend X<av_extend>, av_fetch X<av_fetch>, av_fill
5708  X<av_fill>, av_len X<av_len>, av_make X<av_make>, av_pop X<av_pop>, av_push
5709  X<av_push>, av_shift X<av_shift>, av_store X<av_store>, av_undef
5710  X<av_undef>, av_unshift X<av_unshift>, get_av X<get_av>, newAV X<newAV>,
5711  sortsv X<sortsv>, sortsv_flags X<sortsv_flags>
5712  
5713  =item Callback Functions
5714  
5715  call_argv X<call_argv>, call_method X<call_method>, call_pv X<call_pv>,
5716  call_sv X<call_sv>, ENTER X<ENTER>, eval_pv X<eval_pv>, eval_sv X<eval_sv>,
5717  FREETMPS X<FREETMPS>, LEAVE X<LEAVE>, SAVETMPS X<SAVETMPS>
5718  
5719  =item Character classes
5720  
5721  isALNUM X<isALNUM>, isALPHA X<isALPHA>, isDIGIT X<isDIGIT>, isLOWER
5722  X<isLOWER>, isSPACE X<isSPACE>, isUPPER X<isUPPER>, toLOWER X<toLOWER>,
5723  toUPPER X<toUPPER>
5724  
5725  =item Cloning an interpreter
5726  
5727  perl_clone X<perl_clone>
5728  
5729  =item CV Manipulation Functions
5730  
5731  CvSTASH X<CvSTASH>, get_cv X<get_cv>, get_cvn_flags X<get_cvn_flags>
5732  
5733  =item Embedding Functions
5734  
5735  cv_undef X<cv_undef>, load_module X<load_module>, nothreadhook
5736  X<nothreadhook>, perl_alloc X<perl_alloc>, perl_construct
5737  X<perl_construct>, perl_destruct X<perl_destruct>, perl_free X<perl_free>,
5738  perl_parse X<perl_parse>, perl_run X<perl_run>, require_pv X<require_pv>
5739  
5740  =item Functions in file dump.c
5741  
5742  pv_display X<pv_display>, pv_escape X<pv_escape>, pv_pretty X<pv_pretty>
5743  
5744  =item Functions in file mathoms.c
5745  
5746  gv_fetchmethod X<gv_fetchmethod>, pack_cat X<pack_cat>, sv_2pvbyte_nolen
5747  X<sv_2pvbyte_nolen>, sv_2pvutf8_nolen X<sv_2pvutf8_nolen>, sv_2pv_nolen
5748  X<sv_2pv_nolen>, sv_catpvn_mg X<sv_catpvn_mg>, sv_catsv_mg X<sv_catsv_mg>,
5749  sv_force_normal X<sv_force_normal>, sv_iv X<sv_iv>, sv_nolocking
5750  X<sv_nolocking>, sv_nounlocking X<sv_nounlocking>, sv_nv X<sv_nv>, sv_pv
5751  X<sv_pv>, sv_pvbyte X<sv_pvbyte>, sv_pvbyten X<sv_pvbyten>, sv_pvn
5752  X<sv_pvn>, sv_pvutf8 X<sv_pvutf8>, sv_pvutf8n X<sv_pvutf8n>, sv_taint
5753  X<sv_taint>, sv_unref X<sv_unref>, sv_usepvn X<sv_usepvn>, sv_usepvn_mg
5754  X<sv_usepvn_mg>, sv_uv X<sv_uv>, unpack_str X<unpack_str>
5755  
5756  =item Functions in file pp_ctl.c
5757  
5758  find_runcv X<find_runcv>
5759  
5760  =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
5761  
5762  packlist X<packlist>, unpackstring X<unpackstring>
5763  
5764  =item GV Functions
5765  
5766  GvSV X<GvSV>, gv_const_sv X<gv_const_sv>, gv_fetchmeth X<gv_fetchmeth>,
5767  gv_fetchmethod_autoload X<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>, gv_fetchmeth_autoload
5768  X<gv_fetchmeth_autoload>, gv_stashpv X<gv_stashpv>, gv_stashpvn
5769  X<gv_stashpvn>, gv_stashpvs X<gv_stashpvs>, gv_stashsv X<gv_stashsv>
5770  
5771  =item Handy Values
5772  
5773  Nullav X<Nullav>, Nullch X<Nullch>, Nullcv X<Nullcv>, Nullhv X<Nullhv>,
5774  Nullsv X<Nullsv>
5775  
5776  =item Hash Manipulation Functions
5777  
5778  get_hv X<get_hv>, HEf_SVKEY X<HEf_SVKEY>, HeHASH X<HeHASH>, HeKEY X<HeKEY>,
5779  HeKLEN X<HeKLEN>, HePV X<HePV>, HeSVKEY X<HeSVKEY>, HeSVKEY_force
5780  X<HeSVKEY_force>, HeSVKEY_set X<HeSVKEY_set>, HeVAL X<HeVAL>, HvNAME
5781  X<HvNAME>, hv_assert X<hv_assert>, hv_clear X<hv_clear>,
5782  hv_clear_placeholders X<hv_clear_placeholders>, hv_delete X<hv_delete>,
5783  hv_delete_ent X<hv_delete_ent>, hv_exists X<hv_exists>, hv_exists_ent
5784  X<hv_exists_ent>, hv_fetch X<hv_fetch>, hv_fetchs X<hv_fetchs>,
5785  hv_fetch_ent X<hv_fetch_ent>, hv_iterinit X<hv_iterinit>, hv_iterkey
5786  X<hv_iterkey>, hv_iterkeysv X<hv_iterkeysv>, hv_iternext X<hv_iternext>,
5787  hv_iternextsv X<hv_iternextsv>, hv_iternext_flags X<hv_iternext_flags>,
5788  hv_iterval X<hv_iterval>, hv_magic X<hv_magic>, hv_scalar X<hv_scalar>,
5789  hv_store X<hv_store>, hv_stores X<hv_stores>, hv_store_ent X<hv_store_ent>,
5790  hv_undef X<hv_undef>, newHV X<newHV>
5791  
5792  =item Magical Functions
5793  
5794  mg_clear X<mg_clear>, mg_copy X<mg_copy>, mg_find X<mg_find>, mg_free
5795  X<mg_free>, mg_get X<mg_get>, mg_length X<mg_length>, mg_magical
5796  X<mg_magical>, mg_set X<mg_set>, SvGETMAGIC X<SvGETMAGIC>, SvLOCK
5797  X<SvLOCK>, SvSETMAGIC X<SvSETMAGIC>, SvSetMagicSV X<SvSetMagicSV>,
5798  SvSetMagicSV_nosteal X<SvSetMagicSV_nosteal>, SvSetSV X<SvSetSV>,
5799  SvSetSV_nosteal X<SvSetSV_nosteal>, SvSHARE X<SvSHARE>, SvUNLOCK
5800  X<SvUNLOCK>
5801  
5802  =item Memory Management
5803  
5804  Copy X<Copy>, CopyD X<CopyD>, Move X<Move>, MoveD X<MoveD>, Newx X<Newx>,
5805  Newxc X<Newxc>, Newxz X<Newxz>, Poison X<Poison>, PoisonFree X<PoisonFree>,
5806  PoisonNew X<PoisonNew>, PoisonWith X<PoisonWith>, Renew X<Renew>, Renewc
5807  X<Renewc>, Safefree X<Safefree>, savepv X<savepv>, savepvn X<savepvn>,
5808  savepvs X<savepvs>, savesharedpv X<savesharedpv>, savesharedpvn
5809  X<savesharedpvn>, savesvpv X<savesvpv>, StructCopy X<StructCopy>, Zero
5810  X<Zero>, ZeroD X<ZeroD>
5811  
5812  =item Miscellaneous Functions
5813  
5814  fbm_compile X<fbm_compile>, fbm_instr X<fbm_instr>, form X<form>, getcwd_sv
5815  X<getcwd_sv>, my_snprintf X<my_snprintf>, my_sprintf X<my_sprintf>,
5816  my_vsnprintf X<my_vsnprintf>, new_version X<new_version>, scan_version
5817  X<scan_version>, strEQ X<strEQ>, strGE X<strGE>, strGT X<strGT>, strLE
5818  X<strLE>, strLT X<strLT>, strNE X<strNE>, strnEQ X<strnEQ>, strnNE
5819  X<strnNE>, sv_destroyable X<sv_destroyable>, sv_nosharing X<sv_nosharing>,
5820  upg_version X<upg_version>, vcmp X<vcmp>, vnormal X<vnormal>, vnumify
5821  X<vnumify>, vstringify X<vstringify>, vverify X<vverify>
5822  
5823  =item MRO Functions
5824  
5825  mro_get_linear_isa X<mro_get_linear_isa>, mro_method_changed_in
5826  X<mro_method_changed_in>
5827  
5828  =item Multicall Functions
5829  
5830  dMULTICALL X<dMULTICALL>, MULTICALL X<MULTICALL>, POP_MULTICALL
5831  X<POP_MULTICALL>, PUSH_MULTICALL X<PUSH_MULTICALL>
5832  
5833  =item Numeric functions
5834  
5835  grok_bin X<grok_bin>, grok_hex X<grok_hex>, grok_number X<grok_number>,
5836  grok_numeric_radix X<grok_numeric_radix>, grok_oct X<grok_oct>,
5837  Perl_signbit X<Perl_signbit>, scan_bin X<scan_bin>, scan_hex X<scan_hex>,
5838  scan_oct X<scan_oct>
5839  
5840  =item Optree Manipulation Functions
5841  
5842  cv_const_sv X<cv_const_sv>, newCONSTSUB X<newCONSTSUB>, newXS X<newXS>
5843  
5844  =item Pad Data Structures
5845  
5846  pad_sv X<pad_sv>
5847  
5848  =item Per-Interpreter Variables
5849  
5850  PL_modglobal X<PL_modglobal>, PL_na X<PL_na>, PL_sv_no X<PL_sv_no>,
5851  PL_sv_undef X<PL_sv_undef>, PL_sv_yes X<PL_sv_yes>
5852  
5853  =item REGEXP Functions
5854  
5855  SvRX X<SvRX>, SvRXOK X<SvRXOK>
5856  
5857  =item Simple Exception Handling Macros
5858  
5859  dXCPT X<dXCPT>, XCPT_CATCH X<XCPT_CATCH>, XCPT_RETHROW X<XCPT_RETHROW>,
5860  XCPT_TRY_END X<XCPT_TRY_END>, XCPT_TRY_START X<XCPT_TRY_START>
5861  
5862  =item Stack Manipulation Macros
5863  
5864  dMARK X<dMARK>, dORIGMARK X<dORIGMARK>, dSP X<dSP>, EXTEND X<EXTEND>, MARK
5865  X<MARK>, mPUSHi X<mPUSHi>, mPUSHn X<mPUSHn>, mPUSHp X<mPUSHp>, mPUSHu
5866  X<mPUSHu>, mXPUSHi X<mXPUSHi>, mXPUSHn X<mXPUSHn>, mXPUSHp X<mXPUSHp>,
5867  mXPUSHu X<mXPUSHu>, ORIGMARK X<ORIGMARK>, POPi X<POPi>, POPl X<POPl>, POPn
5868  X<POPn>, POPp X<POPp>, POPpbytex X<POPpbytex>, POPpx X<POPpx>, POPs
5869  X<POPs>, PUSHi X<PUSHi>, PUSHMARK X<PUSHMARK>, PUSHmortal X<PUSHmortal>,
5870  PUSHn X<PUSHn>, PUSHp X<PUSHp>, PUSHs X<PUSHs>, PUSHu X<PUSHu>, PUTBACK
5871  X<PUTBACK>, SP X<SP>, SPAGAIN X<SPAGAIN>, XPUSHi X<XPUSHi>, XPUSHmortal
5872  X<XPUSHmortal>, XPUSHn X<XPUSHn>, XPUSHp X<XPUSHp>, XPUSHs X<XPUSHs>,
5873  XPUSHu X<XPUSHu>, XSRETURN X<XSRETURN>, XSRETURN_EMPTY X<XSRETURN_EMPTY>,
5874  XSRETURN_IV X<XSRETURN_IV>, XSRETURN_NO X<XSRETURN_NO>, XSRETURN_NV
5875  X<XSRETURN_NV>, XSRETURN_PV X<XSRETURN_PV>, XSRETURN_UNDEF
5876  X<XSRETURN_UNDEF>, XSRETURN_UV X<XSRETURN_UV>, XSRETURN_YES
5877  X<XSRETURN_YES>, XST_mIV X<XST_mIV>, XST_mNO X<XST_mNO>, XST_mNV
5878  X<XST_mNV>, XST_mPV X<XST_mPV>, XST_mUNDEF X<XST_mUNDEF>, XST_mYES
5879  X<XST_mYES>
5880  
5881  =item SV Flags
5882  
5883  svtype X<svtype>, SVt_IV X<SVt_IV>, SVt_NV X<SVt_NV>, SVt_PV X<SVt_PV>,
5884  SVt_PVAV X<SVt_PVAV>, SVt_PVCV X<SVt_PVCV>, SVt_PVHV X<SVt_PVHV>, SVt_PVMG
5885  X<SVt_PVMG>
5886  
5887  =item SV Manipulation Functions
5888  
5889  get_sv X<get_sv>, newRV_inc X<newRV_inc>, SvCUR X<SvCUR>, SvCUR_set
5890  X<SvCUR_set>, SvEND X<SvEND>, SvGAMAGIC X<SvGAMAGIC>, SvGROW X<SvGROW>,
5891  SvIOK X<SvIOK>, SvIOKp X<SvIOKp>, SvIOK_notUV X<SvIOK_notUV>, SvIOK_off
5892  X<SvIOK_off>, SvIOK_on X<SvIOK_on>, SvIOK_only X<SvIOK_only>, SvIOK_only_UV
5893  X<SvIOK_only_UV>, SvIOK_UV X<SvIOK_UV>, SvIsCOW X<SvIsCOW>,
5894  SvIsCOW_shared_hash X<SvIsCOW_shared_hash>, SvIV X<SvIV>, SvIVX X<SvIVX>,
5895  SvIVx X<SvIVx>, SvIV_nomg X<SvIV_nomg>, SvIV_set X<SvIV_set>, SvLEN
5896  X<SvLEN>, SvLEN_set X<SvLEN_set>, SvMAGIC_set X<SvMAGIC_set>, SvNIOK
5897  X<SvNIOK>, SvNIOKp X<SvNIOKp>, SvNIOK_off X<SvNIOK_off>, SvNOK X<SvNOK>,
5898  SvNOKp X<SvNOKp>, SvNOK_off X<SvNOK_off>, SvNOK_on X<SvNOK_on>, SvNOK_only
5899  X<SvNOK_only>, SvNV X<SvNV>, SvNVX X<SvNVX>, SvNVx X<SvNVx>, SvNV_set
5900  X<SvNV_set>, SvOK X<SvOK>, SvOOK X<SvOOK>, SvPOK X<SvPOK>, SvPOKp
5901  X<SvPOKp>, SvPOK_off X<SvPOK_off>, SvPOK_on X<SvPOK_on>, SvPOK_only
5902  X<SvPOK_only>, SvPOK_only_UTF8 X<SvPOK_only_UTF8>, SvPV X<SvPV>, SvPVbyte
5903  X<SvPVbyte>, SvPVbytex X<SvPVbytex>, SvPVbytex_force X<SvPVbytex_force>,
5904  SvPVbyte_force X<SvPVbyte_force>, SvPVbyte_nolen X<SvPVbyte_nolen>,
5905  SvPVutf8 X<SvPVutf8>, SvPVutf8x X<SvPVutf8x>, SvPVutf8x_force
5906  X<SvPVutf8x_force>, SvPVutf8_force X<SvPVutf8_force>, SvPVutf8_nolen
5907  X<SvPVutf8_nolen>, SvPVX X<SvPVX>, SvPVx X<SvPVx>, SvPV_force
5908  X<SvPV_force>, SvPV_force_nomg X<SvPV_force_nomg>, SvPV_nolen
5909  X<SvPV_nolen>, SvPV_nomg X<SvPV_nomg>, SvPV_set X<SvPV_set>, SvREFCNT
5910  X<SvREFCNT>, SvREFCNT_dec X<SvREFCNT_dec>, SvREFCNT_inc X<SvREFCNT_inc>,
5911  SvREFCNT_inc_NN X<SvREFCNT_inc_NN>, SvREFCNT_inc_simple
5912  X<SvREFCNT_inc_simple>, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN X<SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN>,
5913  SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void X<SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void>,
5914  SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN X<SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN>,
5915  SvREFCNT_inc_void X<SvREFCNT_inc_void>, SvREFCNT_inc_void_NN
5916  X<SvREFCNT_inc_void_NN>, SvROK X<SvROK>, SvROK_off X<SvROK_off>, SvROK_on
5917  X<SvROK_on>, SvRV X<SvRV>, SvRV_set X<SvRV_set>, SvSTASH X<SvSTASH>,
5918  SvSTASH_set X<SvSTASH_set>, SvTAINT X<SvTAINT>, SvTAINTED X<SvTAINTED>,
5919  SvTAINTED_off X<SvTAINTED_off>, SvTAINTED_on X<SvTAINTED_on>, SvTRUE
5920  X<SvTRUE>, SvTYPE X<SvTYPE>, SvUOK X<SvUOK>, SvUPGRADE X<SvUPGRADE>, SvUTF8
5921  X<SvUTF8>, SvUTF8_off X<SvUTF8_off>, SvUTF8_on X<SvUTF8_on>, SvUV X<SvUV>,
5922  SvUVX X<SvUVX>, SvUVx X<SvUVx>, SvUV_nomg X<SvUV_nomg>, SvUV_set
5923  X<SvUV_set>, SvVOK X<SvVOK>, sv_catpvn_nomg X<sv_catpvn_nomg>,
5924  sv_catsv_nomg X<sv_catsv_nomg>, sv_derived_from X<sv_derived_from>, sv_does
5925  X<sv_does>, sv_report_used X<sv_report_used>, sv_setsv_nomg
5926  X<sv_setsv_nomg>
5927  
5928  =item SV-Body Allocation
5929  
5930  looks_like_number X<looks_like_number>, newRV_noinc X<newRV_noinc>, newSV
5931  X<newSV>, newSVhek X<newSVhek>, newSViv X<newSViv>, newSVnv X<newSVnv>,
5932  newSVpv X<newSVpv>, newSVpvf X<newSVpvf>, newSVpvn X<newSVpvn>,
5933  newSVpvn_share X<newSVpvn_share>, newSVpvs X<newSVpvs>, newSVpvs_share
5934  X<newSVpvs_share>, newSVrv X<newSVrv>, newSVsv X<newSVsv>, newSVuv
5935  X<newSVuv>, newSV_type X<newSV_type>, sv_2bool X<sv_2bool>, sv_2cv
5936  X<sv_2cv>, sv_2io X<sv_2io>, sv_2iv_flags X<sv_2iv_flags>, sv_2mortal
5937  X<sv_2mortal>, sv_2nv X<sv_2nv>, sv_2pvbyte X<sv_2pvbyte>, sv_2pvutf8
5938  X<sv_2pvutf8>, sv_2pv_flags X<sv_2pv_flags>, sv_2uv_flags X<sv_2uv_flags>,
5939  sv_backoff X<sv_backoff>, sv_bless X<sv_bless>, sv_catpv X<sv_catpv>,
5940  sv_catpvf X<sv_catpvf>, sv_catpvf_mg X<sv_catpvf_mg>, sv_catpvn
5941  X<sv_catpvn>, sv_catpvn_flags X<sv_catpvn_flags>, sv_catpvs X<sv_catpvs>,
5942  sv_catpv_mg X<sv_catpv_mg>, sv_catsv X<sv_catsv>, sv_catsv_flags
5943  X<sv_catsv_flags>, sv_chop X<sv_chop>, sv_clear X<sv_clear>, sv_cmp
5944  X<sv_cmp>, sv_cmp_locale X<sv_cmp_locale>, sv_collxfrm X<sv_collxfrm>,
5945  sv_copypv X<sv_copypv>, sv_dec X<sv_dec>, sv_eq X<sv_eq>,
5946  sv_force_normal_flags X<sv_force_normal_flags>, sv_free X<sv_free>, sv_gets
5947  X<sv_gets>, sv_grow X<sv_grow>, sv_inc X<sv_inc>, sv_insert X<sv_insert>,
5948  sv_isa X<sv_isa>, sv_isobject X<sv_isobject>, sv_len X<sv_len>, sv_len_utf8
5949  X<sv_len_utf8>, sv_magic X<sv_magic>, sv_magicext X<sv_magicext>,
5950  sv_mortalcopy X<sv_mortalcopy>, sv_newmortal X<sv_newmortal>, sv_newref
5951  X<sv_newref>, sv_pos_b2u X<sv_pos_b2u>, sv_pos_u2b X<sv_pos_u2b>,
5952  sv_pvbyten_force X<sv_pvbyten_force>, sv_pvn_force X<sv_pvn_force>,
5953  sv_pvn_force_flags X<sv_pvn_force_flags>, sv_pvutf8n_force
5954  X<sv_pvutf8n_force>, sv_reftype X<sv_reftype>, sv_replace X<sv_replace>,
5955  sv_reset X<sv_reset>, sv_rvweaken X<sv_rvweaken>, sv_setiv X<sv_setiv>,
5956  sv_setiv_mg X<sv_setiv_mg>, sv_setnv X<sv_setnv>, sv_setnv_mg
5957  X<sv_setnv_mg>, sv_setpv X<sv_setpv>, sv_setpvf X<sv_setpvf>, sv_setpvf_mg
5958  X<sv_setpvf_mg>, sv_setpviv X<sv_setpviv>, sv_setpviv_mg X<sv_setpviv_mg>,
5959  sv_setpvn X<sv_setpvn>, sv_setpvn_mg X<sv_setpvn_mg>, sv_setpvs
5960  X<sv_setpvs>, sv_setpv_mg X<sv_setpv_mg>, sv_setref_iv X<sv_setref_iv>,
5961  sv_setref_nv X<sv_setref_nv>, sv_setref_pv X<sv_setref_pv>, sv_setref_pvn
5962  X<sv_setref_pvn>, sv_setref_uv X<sv_setref_uv>, sv_setsv X<sv_setsv>,
5963  sv_setsv_flags X<sv_setsv_flags>, sv_setsv_mg X<sv_setsv_mg>, sv_setuv
5964  X<sv_setuv>, sv_setuv_mg X<sv_setuv_mg>, sv_tainted X<sv_tainted>, sv_true
5965  X<sv_true>, sv_unmagic X<sv_unmagic>, sv_unref_flags X<sv_unref_flags>,
5966  sv_untaint X<sv_untaint>, sv_upgrade X<sv_upgrade>, sv_usepvn_flags
5967  X<sv_usepvn_flags>, sv_utf8_decode X<sv_utf8_decode>, sv_utf8_downgrade
5968  X<sv_utf8_downgrade>, sv_utf8_encode X<sv_utf8_encode>, sv_utf8_upgrade
5969  X<sv_utf8_upgrade>, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags X<sv_utf8_upgrade_flags>,
5970  sv_vcatpvf X<sv_vcatpvf>, sv_vcatpvfn X<sv_vcatpvfn>, sv_vcatpvf_mg
5971  X<sv_vcatpvf_mg>, sv_vsetpvf X<sv_vsetpvf>, sv_vsetpvfn X<sv_vsetpvfn>,
5972  sv_vsetpvf_mg X<sv_vsetpvf_mg>
5973  
5974  =item Unicode Support
5975  
5976  bytes_from_utf8 X<bytes_from_utf8>, bytes_to_utf8 X<bytes_to_utf8>,
5977  ibcmp_utf8 X<ibcmp_utf8>, is_utf8_char X<is_utf8_char>, is_utf8_string
5978  X<is_utf8_string>, is_utf8_string_loc X<is_utf8_string_loc>,
5979  is_utf8_string_loclen X<is_utf8_string_loclen>, pv_uni_display
5980  X<pv_uni_display>, sv_cat_decode X<sv_cat_decode>, sv_recode_to_utf8
5981  X<sv_recode_to_utf8>, sv_uni_display X<sv_uni_display>, to_utf8_case
5982  X<to_utf8_case>, to_utf8_fold X<to_utf8_fold>, to_utf8_lower
5983  X<to_utf8_lower>, to_utf8_title X<to_utf8_title>, to_utf8_upper
5984  X<to_utf8_upper>, utf8n_to_uvchr X<utf8n_to_uvchr>, utf8n_to_uvuni
5985  X<utf8n_to_uvuni>, utf8_distance X<utf8_distance>, utf8_hop X<utf8_hop>,
5986  utf8_length X<utf8_length>, utf8_to_bytes X<utf8_to_bytes>, utf8_to_uvchr
5987  X<utf8_to_uvchr>, utf8_to_uvuni X<utf8_to_uvuni>, uvchr_to_utf8
5988  X<uvchr_to_utf8>, uvuni_to_utf8_flags X<uvuni_to_utf8_flags>
5989  
5990  =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
5991  
5992  ax X<ax>, CLASS X<CLASS>, dAX X<dAX>, dAXMARK X<dAXMARK>, dITEMS X<dITEMS>,
5993  dUNDERBAR X<dUNDERBAR>, dXSARGS X<dXSARGS>, dXSI32 X<dXSI32>, items
5994  X<items>, ix X<ix>, newXSproto X<newXSproto>, RETVAL X<RETVAL>, ST X<ST>,
5995  THIS X<THIS>, UNDERBAR X<UNDERBAR>, XS X<XS>, XS_VERSION X<XS_VERSION>,
5996  XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK X<XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK>
5997  
5998  =item Warning and Dieing
5999  
6000  croak X<croak>, warn X<warn>
6001  
6002  =item AUTHORS
6003  
6004  =item SEE ALSO
6005  
6006  =back
6007  
6008  =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
6009           Perl functions
6010  
6011  =over 4
6012  
6013  =item DESCRIPTION
6014  X<internal Perl functions> X<interpreter functions>
6015  
6016  =item CV reference counts and CvOUTSIDE
6017  
6018  CvWEAKOUTSIDE X<CvWEAKOUTSIDE>
6019  
6020  =item Functions in file pad.h
6021  
6022  CX_CURPAD_SAVE X<CX_CURPAD_SAVE>, CX_CURPAD_SV X<CX_CURPAD_SV>, PAD_BASE_SV
6023  X<PAD_BASE_SV>, PAD_CLONE_VARS X<PAD_CLONE_VARS>, PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS
6024  X<PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS>, PAD_COMPNAME_GEN X<PAD_COMPNAME_GEN>,
6025  PAD_COMPNAME_GEN_set X<PAD_COMPNAME_GEN_set>, PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH
6026  X<PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH>, PAD_COMPNAME_PV X<PAD_COMPNAME_PV>,
6027  PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE X<PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE>, PAD_DUP X<PAD_DUP>,
6028  PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL X<PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL>, PAD_SAVE_LOCAL X<PAD_SAVE_LOCAL>,
6029  PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD X<PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD>, PAD_SETSV X<PAD_SETSV>,
6030  PAD_SET_CUR X<PAD_SET_CUR>, PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE X<PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE>,
6031  PAD_SV X<PAD_SV>, PAD_SVl X<PAD_SVl>, SAVECLEARSV X<SAVECLEARSV>,
6032  SAVECOMPPAD X<SAVECOMPPAD>, SAVEPADSV X<SAVEPADSV>
6033  
6034  =item GV Functions
6035  
6036  is_gv_magical X<is_gv_magical>, is_gv_magical_sv X<is_gv_magical_sv>
6037  
6038  =item Hash Manipulation Functions
6039  
6040  refcounted_he_chain_2hv X<refcounted_he_chain_2hv>, refcounted_he_free
6041  X<refcounted_he_free>, refcounted_he_new X<refcounted_he_new>
6042  
6043  =item IO Functions
6044  
6045  start_glob X<start_glob>
6046  
6047  =item Magical Functions
6048  
6049  magic_sethint X<magic_sethint>, mg_localize X<mg_localize>
6050  
6051  =item MRO Functions
6052  
6053  mro_get_linear_isa_c3 X<mro_get_linear_isa_c3>, mro_get_linear_isa_dfs
6054  X<mro_get_linear_isa_dfs>, mro_isa_changed_in X<mro_isa_changed_in>
6055  
6056  =item Pad Data Structures
6057  
6058  CvPADLIST X<CvPADLIST>, cv_clone X<cv_clone>, cv_dump X<cv_dump>,
6059  do_dump_pad X<do_dump_pad>, intro_my X<intro_my>, pad_add_anon
6060  X<pad_add_anon>, pad_add_name X<pad_add_name>, pad_alloc X<pad_alloc>,
6061  pad_block_start X<pad_block_start>, pad_check_dup X<pad_check_dup>,
6062  pad_findlex X<pad_findlex>, pad_findmy X<pad_findmy>, pad_fixup_inner_anons
6063  X<pad_fixup_inner_anons>, pad_free X<pad_free>, pad_leavemy X<pad_leavemy>,
6064  pad_new X<pad_new>, pad_push X<pad_push>, pad_reset X<pad_reset>, pad_setsv
6065  X<pad_setsv>, pad_swipe X<pad_swipe>, pad_tidy X<pad_tidy>, pad_undef
6066  X<pad_undef>
6067  
6068  =item Per-Interpreter Variables
6069  
6070  PL_DBsingle X<PL_DBsingle>, PL_DBsub X<PL_DBsub>, PL_DBtrace X<PL_DBtrace>,
6071  PL_dowarn X<PL_dowarn>, PL_last_in_gv X<PL_last_in_gv>, PL_ofs_sv
6072  X<PL_ofs_sv>, PL_rs X<PL_rs>
6073  
6074  =item Stack Manipulation Macros
6075  
6076  djSP X<djSP>, LVRET X<LVRET>
6077  
6078  =item SV Manipulation Functions
6079  
6080  sv_add_arena X<sv_add_arena>, sv_clean_all X<sv_clean_all>, sv_clean_objs
6081  X<sv_clean_objs>, sv_free_arenas X<sv_free_arenas>
6082  
6083  =item SV-Body Allocation
6084  
6085  sv_2num X<sv_2num>
6086  
6087  =item Unicode Support
6088  
6089  find_uninit_var X<find_uninit_var>, report_uninit X<report_uninit>
6090  
6091  =item AUTHORS
6092  
6093  =item SEE ALSO
6094  
6095  =back
6096  
6097  =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
6098  
6099  =over 4
6100  
6101  =item SYNOPSIS
6102  
6103  =item DESCRIPTION
6104  
6105  =over 4
6106  
6107  =item History and Background
6108  
6109  =item Basic Structure
6110  
6111  =item Layers vs Disciplines
6112  
6113  =item Data Structures
6114  
6115  =item Functions and Attributes
6116  
6117  =item Per-instance Data
6118  
6119  =item Layers in action.
6120  
6121  =item Per-instance flag bits
6122  
6123  PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE,  PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
6124  PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
6125  PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
6126  PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
6127  
6128  =item Methods in Detail
6129  
6130  fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF,
6131  PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode,
6132  Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof,
6133  Error,    Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt,
6134  Set_ptrcnt
6135  
6136  =item Utilities
6137  
6138  =item Implementing PerlIO Layers
6139  
6140  C implementations, Perl implementations
6141  
6142  =item Core Layers
6143  
6144  "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
6145  
6146  =item Extension Layers
6147  
6148  ":encoding", ":scalar", ":via"
6149  
6150  =back
6151  
6152  =item TODO
6153  
6154  =back
6155  
6156  =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
6157  
6158  =over 4
6159  
6160  =item SYNOPSIS
6161  
6162  =item DESCRIPTION
6163  
6164  1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
6165  B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
6166  B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
6167  B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
6168  B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
6169  B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
6170  B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
6171  B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
6172  B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
6173  B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
6174  B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
6175  
6176  =over 4
6177  
6178  =item Co-existence with stdio
6179  
6180  B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode)>,
6181  B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
6182  
6183  =item "Fast gets" Functions
6184  
6185  B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
6186  B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
6187  B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
6188  B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
6189  
6190  =item Other Functions
6191  
6192  PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
6193  'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
6194  
6195  =back
6196  
6197  =back
6198  
6199  =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
6200  
6201  =over 4
6202  
6203  =item DESCRIPTION
6204  
6205  Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
6206  implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
6207  the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
6208  it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
6209  the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
6210  tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
6211  Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
6212  
6213  =over 4
6214  
6215  =item Keeping in sync
6216  
6217  rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
6218  NFS, rsync'ing the patches
6219  
6220  =item Why rsync the source tree
6221  
6222  It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
6223  
6224  =item Why rsync the patches
6225  
6226  It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
6227  point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
6228  
6229  =item Working with the source
6230  
6231  =item Perlbug administration
6232  
6233  =item Submitting patches
6234  
6235  L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
6236  F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
6237  
6238  =item Finding Your Way Around
6239  
6240  Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
6241  
6242  =item Elements of the interpreter
6243  
6244  Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running, Exception handing
6245  
6246  =item Internal Variable Types
6247  
6248  =item Op Trees
6249  
6250  =item Stacks
6251  
6252  Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
6253  
6254  =item Millions of Macros
6255  
6256  =item The .i Targets
6257  
6258  =back
6259  
6260  =item SOURCE CODE STATIC ANALYSIS
6261  
6262  =over 4
6263  
6264  =item lint, splint
6265  
6266  =item Coverity
6267  
6268  =item cpd (cut-and-paste detector)
6269  
6270  =item gcc warnings
6271  
6272  =item Warnings of other C compilers
6273  
6274  =item DEBUGGING
6275  
6276  =item Poking at Perl
6277  
6278  =item Using a source-level debugger
6279  
6280  run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
6281  finish, 'enter', print
6282  
6283  =item gdb macro support
6284  
6285  =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
6286  
6287  =item Patching
6288  
6289  =item Patching a core module
6290  
6291  =item Adding a new function to the core
6292  
6293  =item Writing a test
6294  
6295  F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/mro/>,
6296  F<t/op/>, F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, F<t/uni/>, F<t/win32/>, F<t/x2p>, t/base
6297  t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
6298  
6299  =item Special Make Test Targets
6300  
6301  coretest, test.deparse, test.taintwarn, minitest, test.valgrind
6302  check.valgrind utest.valgrind ucheck.valgrind, test.third check.third
6303  utest.third ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8
6304  check.utf8, minitest.utf16 test.utf16, test_harness, test-notty test_notty
6305  
6306  =item Running tests by hand
6307  
6308  -v, -torture, -re=PATTERN, -re LIST OF PATTERNS, PERL_CORE=1,
6309  PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL=2, PERL, PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST, PERL_TEST_Net_Ping,
6310  PERL_TEST_NOVREXX, PERL_TEST_NUMCONVERTS
6311  
6312  =item Common problems when patching Perl source code
6313  
6314  =item Perl environment problems
6315  
6316  =item Portability problems
6317  
6318  =item Problematic System Interfaces
6319  
6320  =item Security problems
6321  
6322  =back
6323  
6324  =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
6325  
6326  =over 4
6327  
6328  =item Rational Software's Purify
6329  
6330  =item Purify on Unix
6331  
6332  -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
6333  
6334  =item Purify on NT
6335  
6336  DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
6337  
6338  =item valgrind
6339  
6340  =item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
6341  
6342  =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
6343  
6344  =item PERL_MEM_LOG
6345  
6346  =item Profiling
6347  
6348  =item Gprof Profiling
6349  
6350  -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
6351  
6352  =item GCC gcov Profiling
6353  
6354  =item Pixie Profiling
6355  
6356  -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
6357  -z[ero]
6358  
6359  =item Miscellaneous tricks
6360  
6361  =back
6362  
6363  =item CONCLUSION
6364  
6365  I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
6366  
6367  =item AUTHOR
6368  
6369  =back
6370  
6371  =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
6372  
6373  =over 4
6374  
6375  =item DESCRIPTION
6376  
6377  =back
6378  
6379  =head2 perlcommunity - a brief overview of the Perl community
6380  
6381  =over 4
6382  
6383  =item DESCRIPTION
6384  
6385  =over 4
6386  
6387  =item Where to find the community
6388  
6389  =item Mailing lists and Newsgroups
6390  
6391  =item IRC
6392  
6393  =item Websites
6394  
6395  L<http://perl.com/>, L<http://use.perl.org/>, L<http://www.perlmonks.org/>
6396  
6397  =item User Groups
6398  
6399  =item Workshops
6400  
6401  =item Hackathons
6402  
6403  =item Conventions
6404  
6405  =item Calendar of Perl Events
6406  
6407  =back
6408  
6409  =item AUTHOR
6410  
6411  =back
6412  
6413  =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
6414  
6415  =over 4
6416  
6417  =item DESCRIPTION
6418  
6419  =item Tasks that only need Perl knowledge
6420  
6421  =over 4
6422  
6423  =item Remove duplication of test setup.
6424  
6425  =item merge common code in installperl and installman
6426  
6427  =item common test code for timed bail out
6428  
6429  =item POD -E<gt> HTML conversion in the core still sucks
6430  
6431  =item merge checkpods and podchecker
6432  
6433  =item perlmodlib.PL rewrite
6434  
6435  =item Parallel testing
6436  
6437  =item Make Schwern poorer
6438  
6439  =item Improve the coverage of the core tests
6440  
6441  =item test B
6442  
6443  =item Deparse inlined constants
6444  
6445  =item A decent benchmark
6446  
6447  =item fix tainting bugs
6448  
6449  =item Dual life everything
6450  
6451  =item Improving C<threads::shared>
6452  
6453  =item POSIX memory footprint
6454  
6455  =item embed.pl/makedef.pl
6456  
6457  =item use strict; and AutoLoad
6458  
6459  =back
6460  
6461  =item Tasks that need a little sysadmin-type knowledge
6462  
6463  =over 4
6464  
6465  =item make HTML install work
6466  
6467  =item compressed man pages
6468  
6469  =item Add a code coverage target to the Makefile
6470  
6471  =item Make Config.pm cope with differences between built and installed perl
6472  
6473  =item linker specification files
6474  
6475  =item Cross-compile support
6476  
6477  =item roffitall
6478  
6479  =back
6480  
6481  =item Tasks that need a little C knowledge
6482  
6483  =over 4
6484  
6485  =item Exterminate PL_na!
6486  
6487  =item Modernize the order of directories in @INC
6488  
6489  =item -Duse32bit*
6490  
6491  =item Make it clear from -v if this is the exact official release
6492  
6493  =item Profile Perl - am I hot or not?
6494  
6495  =item Allocate OPs from arenas
6496  
6497  =item Improve win32/wince.c
6498  
6499  =item Use secure CRT functions when building with VC8 on Win32
6500  
6501  =item strcat(), strcpy(), strncat(), strncpy(), sprintf(), vsprintf()
6502  
6503  =item -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2, -fstack-protector
6504  
6505  =back
6506  
6507  =item Tasks that need a knowledge of XS
6508  
6509  =over 4
6510  
6511  =item autovivification
6512  
6513  =item Unicode in Filenames
6514  
6515  =item Unicode in %ENV
6516  
6517  =item Unicode and glob()
6518  
6519  =item Unicode and lc/uc operators
6520  
6521  =item use less 'memory'
6522  
6523  =item Re-implement C<:unique> in a way that is actually thread-safe
6524  
6525  =item Make tainting consistent
6526  
6527  =item readpipe(LIST)
6528  
6529  =item Audit the code for destruction ordering assumptions
6530  
6531  =item Extend PerlIO and PerlIO::Scalar
6532  
6533  =item -C on the #! line
6534  
6535  =item Propagate const outwards from Perl_moreswitches()
6536  
6537  =item Duplicate logic in S_method_common() and
6538  Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload()
6539  
6540  =item Organize error messages
6541  
6542  =back
6543  
6544  =item Tasks that need a knowledge of the interpreter
6545  
6546  =over 4
6547  
6548  =item state variable initialization in list context
6549  
6550  =item Implement $value ~~ 0 .. $range
6551  
6552  =item A does() built-in
6553  
6554  =item Tied filehandles and write() don't mix
6555  
6556  =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
6557  
6558  =item Optimize away empty destructors
6559  
6560  =item LVALUE functions for lists
6561  
6562  =item LVALUE functions in the debugger
6563  
6564  =item regexp optimiser optional
6565  
6566  =item delete &function
6567  
6568  =item C</w> regex modifier
6569  
6570  =item optional optimizer
6571  
6572  =item You WANT *how* many
6573  
6574  =item lexical aliases
6575  
6576  =item entersub XS vs Perl
6577  
6578  =item Self-ties
6579  
6580  =item Optimize away @_
6581  
6582  =item Properly Unicode safe tokeniser and pads.
6583  
6584  =item The yada yada yada operators
6585  
6586  =item Virtualize operating system access
6587  
6588  =item Investigate PADTMP hash pessimisation
6589  
6590  =back
6591  
6592  =item Big projects
6593  
6594  =over 4
6595  
6596  =item make ithreads more robust
6597  
6598  =item iCOW
6599  
6600  =item (?{...}) closures in regexps
6601  
6602  =item A re-entrant regexp engine
6603  
6604  =item Add class set operations to regexp engine
6605  
6606  =back
6607  
6608  =back
6609  
6610  =head2 perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in Pod format.
6611  
6612  =over 4
6613  
6614  =item SYNOPSIS
6615  
6616  =item DESCRIPTION
6617  
6618  =item OPTIONS
6619  
6620  B<-h>, B<-v>, B<-t>, B<-u>, B<-m> I<module>, B<-l>, B<-F>, B<-f>
6621  I<perlfunc>, B<-q> I<perlfaq-search-regexp>, B<-T>, B<-d>
6622  I<destination-filename>, B<-o> I<output-formatname>, B<-M> I<module-name>,
6623  B<-w> I<option:value> or B<-w> I<option>, B<-X>, B<-L> I<language_code>,
6624  B<PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName>, B<-n> I<some-formatter>, B<-r>, B<-i>,
6625  B<-V>
6626  
6627  =item SECURITY
6628  
6629  =item ENVIRONMENT
6630  
6631  =item AUTHOR
6632  
6633  =back
6634  
6635  =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
6636  
6637  =over 4
6638  
6639  =item DESCRIPTION
6640  
6641  =item INTRODUCTION
6642  
6643  =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
6644  
6645  =over 4
6646  
6647  =item PUMPKIN?
6648  
6649  =back
6650  
6651  =item THE RECORDS
6652  
6653  =over 4
6654  
6655  =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
6656  
6657  =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
6658  
6659  =back
6660  
6661  =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
6662  
6663  =back
6664  
6665  =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl 5.10.0
6666  
6667  =over 4
6668  
6669  =item DESCRIPTION
6670  
6671  =item Core Enhancements
6672  
6673  =over 4
6674  
6675  =item The C<feature> pragma
6676  
6677  =item New B<-E> command-line switch
6678  
6679  =item Defined-or operator
6680  
6681  =item Switch and Smart Match operator
6682  
6683  =item Regular expressions
6684  
6685  Recursive Patterns, Named Capture Buffers, Possessive Quantifiers,
6686  Backtracking control verbs, Relative backreferences, C<\K> escape, Vertical
6687  and horizontal whitespace, and linebreak
6688  
6689  =item C<say()>
6690  
6691  =item Lexical C<$_>
6692  
6693  =item The C<_> prototype
6694  
6695  =item UNITCHECK blocks
6696  
6697  =item New Pragma, C<mro>
6698  
6699  =item readdir() may return a "short filename" on Windows
6700  
6701  =item readpipe() is now overridable
6702  
6703  =item Default argument for readline()
6704  
6705  =item state() variables
6706  
6707  =item Stacked filetest operators
6708  
6709  =item UNIVERSAL::DOES()
6710  
6711  =item Formats
6712  
6713  =item Byte-order modifiers for pack() and unpack()
6714  
6715  =item C<no VERSION>
6716  
6717  =item C<chdir>, C<chmod> and C<chown> on filehandles
6718  
6719  =item OS groups
6720  
6721  =item Recursive sort subs
6722  
6723  =item Exceptions in constant folding
6724  
6725  =item Source filters in @INC
6726  
6727  =item New internal variables
6728  
6729  C<${^RE_DEBUG_FLAGS}>, C<${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}>, C<${^RE_TRIE_MAXBUF}>,
6730  C<${^WIN32_SLOPPY_STAT}>
6731  
6732  =item Miscellaneous
6733  
6734  =item UCD 5.0.0
6735  
6736  =item MAD
6737  
6738  =item kill() on Windows
6739  
6740  =back
6741  
6742  =item Incompatible Changes
6743  
6744  =over 4
6745  
6746  =item Packing and UTF-8 strings
6747  
6748  =item Byte/character count feature in unpack()
6749  
6750  =item The C<$*> and C<$#> variables have been removed
6751  
6752  =item substr() lvalues are no longer fixed-length
6753  
6754  =item Parsing of C<-f _>
6755  
6756  =item C<:unique>
6757  
6758  =item Effect of pragmas in eval
6759  
6760  =item chdir FOO
6761  
6762  =item Handling of .pmc files
6763  
6764  =item $^V is now a C<version> object instead of a v-string
6765  
6766  =item @- and @+ in patterns
6767  
6768  =item $AUTOLOAD can now be tainted
6769  
6770  =item Tainting and printf
6771  
6772  =item undef and signal handlers
6773  
6774  =item strictures and dereferencing in defined()
6775  
6776  =item C<(?p{})> has been removed
6777  
6778  =item Pseudo-hashes have been removed
6779  
6780  =item Removal of the bytecode compiler and of perlcc
6781  
6782  =item Removal of the JPL
6783  
6784  =item Recursive inheritance detected earlier
6785  
6786  =back
6787  
6788  =item Modules and Pragmata
6789  
6790  =over 4
6791  
6792  =item Upgrading individual core modules
6793  
6794  =item Pragmata Changes
6795  
6796  C<feature>, C<mro>, Scoping of the C<sort> pragma, Scoping of C<bignum>,
6797  C<bigint>, C<bigrat>, C<base>, C<strict> and C<warnings>, C<version>,
6798  C<warnings>, C<less>
6799  
6800  =item New modules
6801  
6802  =item Selected Changes to Core Modules
6803  
6804  C<Attribute::Handlers>, C<B::Lint>, C<B>, C<Thread>
6805  
6806  =back
6807  
6808  =item Utility Changes
6809  
6810  perl -d, ptar, ptardiff, shasum, corelist, h2ph and h2xs, perlivp,
6811  find2perl, config_data, cpanp, cpan2dist, pod2html
6812  
6813  =item New Documentation
6814  
6815  =item Performance Enhancements
6816  
6817  =over 4
6818  
6819  =item In-place sorting
6820  
6821  =item Lexical array access
6822  
6823  =item XS-assisted SWASHGET
6824  
6825  =item Constant subroutines
6826  
6827  =item C<PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV>
6828  
6829  =item Weak references are cheaper
6830  
6831  =item sort() enhancements
6832  
6833  =item Memory optimisations
6834  
6835  =item UTF-8 cache optimisation
6836  
6837  =item Sloppy stat on Windows
6838  
6839  =item Regular expressions optimisations
6840  
6841  Engine de-recursivised, Single char char-classes treated as literals, Trie
6842  optimisation of literal string alternations, Aho-Corasick start-point
6843  optimisation
6844  
6845  =back
6846  
6847  =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6848  
6849  =over 4
6850  
6851  =item Configuration improvements
6852  
6853  C<-Dusesitecustomize>, Relocatable installations, strlcat() and strlcpy(),
6854  C<d_pseudofork> and C<d_printf_format_null>, Configure help
6855  
6856  =item Compilation improvements
6857  
6858  Parallel build, Borland's compilers support, Static build on Windows,
6859  ppport.h files, C++ compatibility, Support for Microsoft 64-bit compiler,
6860  Visual C++, Win32 builds
6861  
6862  =item Installation improvements
6863  
6864  Module auxiliary files
6865  
6866  =item New Or Improved Platforms
6867  
6868  =back
6869  
6870  =item Selected Bug Fixes
6871  
6872  strictures in regexp-eval blocks, Calling CORE::require(), Subscripts of
6873  slices, C<no warnings 'category'> works correctly with -w, threads
6874  improvements, chr() and negative values, PERL5SHELL and tainting, Using
6875  *FILE{IO}, Overloading and reblessing, Overloading and UTF-8, eval memory
6876  leaks fixed, Random device on Windows, PERLIO_DEBUG, PerlIO::scalar and
6877  read-only scalars, study() and UTF-8, Critical signals, @INC-hook fix,
6878  C<-t> switch fix, Duping UTF-8 filehandles, Localisation of hash elements
6879  
6880  =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6881  
6882  Use of uninitialized value, Deprecated use of my() in false conditional,
6883  !=~ should be !~, Newline in left-justified string, Too late for "-T"
6884  option, "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration,
6885  readdir()/closedir()/etc. attempted on invalid dirhandle, Opening
6886  dirhandle/filehandle %s also as a file/directory, Use of -P is deprecated,
6887  v-string in use/require is non-portable, perl -V
6888  
6889  =item Changed Internals
6890  
6891  =over 4
6892  
6893  =item Reordering of SVt_* constants
6894  
6895  =item Elimination of SVt_PVBM
6896  
6897  =item New type SVt_BIND
6898  
6899  =item Removal of CPP symbols
6900  
6901  =item Less space is used by ops
6902  
6903  =item New parser
6904  
6905  =item Use of C<const>
6906  
6907  =item Mathoms
6908  
6909  =item C<AvFLAGS> has been removed
6910  
6911  =item C<av_*> changes
6912  
6913  =item $^H and %^H
6914  
6915  =item B:: modules inheritance changed
6916  
6917  =item Anonymous hash and array constructors
6918  
6919  =back
6920  
6921  =item Known Problems
6922  
6923  =item Platform Specific Problems
6924  
6925  =item Reporting Bugs
6926  
6927  =item SEE ALSO
6928  
6929  =back
6930  
6931  =head2 perl5100delta, perldelta - what is new for perl 5.10.0
6932  
6933  =over 4
6934  
6935  =item DESCRIPTION
6936  
6937  =item Core Enhancements
6938  
6939  =over 4
6940  
6941  =item The C<feature> pragma
6942  
6943  =item New B<-E> command-line switch
6944  
6945  =item Defined-or operator
6946  
6947  =item Switch and Smart Match operator
6948  
6949  =item Regular expressions
6950  
6951  Recursive Patterns, Named Capture Buffers, Possessive Quantifiers,
6952  Backtracking control verbs, Relative backreferences, C<\K> escape, Vertical
6953  and horizontal whitespace, and linebreak
6954  
6955  =item C<say()>
6956  
6957  =item Lexical C<$_>
6958  
6959  =item The C<_> prototype
6960  
6961  =item UNITCHECK blocks
6962  
6963  =item New Pragma, C<mro>
6964  
6965  =item readdir() may return a "short filename" on Windows
6966  
6967  =item readpipe() is now overridable
6968  
6969  =item Default argument for readline()
6970  
6971  =item state() variables
6972  
6973  =item Stacked filetest operators
6974  
6975  =item UNIVERSAL::DOES()
6976  
6977  =item Formats
6978  
6979  =item Byte-order modifiers for pack() and unpack()
6980  
6981  =item C<no VERSION>
6982  
6983  =item C<chdir>, C<chmod> and C<chown> on filehandles
6984  
6985  =item OS groups
6986  
6987  =item Recursive sort subs
6988  
6989  =item Exceptions in constant folding
6990  
6991  =item Source filters in @INC
6992  
6993  =item New internal variables
6994  
6995  C<${^RE_DEBUG_FLAGS}>, C<${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}>, C<${^RE_TRIE_MAXBUF}>,
6996  C<${^WIN32_SLOPPY_STAT}>
6997  
6998  =item Miscellaneous
6999  
7000  =item UCD 5.0.0
7001  
7002  =item MAD
7003  
7004  =item kill() on Windows
7005  
7006  =back
7007  
7008  =item Incompatible Changes
7009  
7010  =over 4
7011  
7012  =item Packing and UTF-8 strings
7013  
7014  =item Byte/character count feature in unpack()
7015  
7016  =item The C<$*> and C<$#> variables have been removed
7017  
7018  =item substr() lvalues are no longer fixed-length
7019  
7020  =item Parsing of C<-f _>
7021  
7022  =item C<:unique>
7023  
7024  =item Effect of pragmas in eval
7025  
7026  =item chdir FOO
7027  
7028  =item Handling of .pmc files
7029  
7030  =item $^V is now a C<version> object instead of a v-string
7031  
7032  =item @- and @+ in patterns
7033  
7034  =item $AUTOLOAD can now be tainted
7035  
7036  =item Tainting and printf
7037  
7038  =item undef and signal handlers
7039  
7040  =item strictures and dereferencing in defined()
7041  
7042  =item C<(?p{})> has been removed
7043  
7044  =item Pseudo-hashes have been removed
7045  
7046  =item Removal of the bytecode compiler and of perlcc
7047  
7048  =item Removal of the JPL
7049  
7050  =item Recursive inheritance detected earlier
7051  
7052  =back
7053  
7054  =item Modules and Pragmata
7055  
7056  =over 4
7057  
7058  =item Upgrading individual core modules
7059  
7060  =item Pragmata Changes
7061  
7062  C<feature>, C<mro>, Scoping of the C<sort> pragma, Scoping of C<bignum>,
7063  C<bigint>, C<bigrat>, C<base>, C<strict> and C<warnings>, C<version>,
7064  C<warnings>, C<less>
7065  
7066  =item New modules
7067  
7068  =item Selected Changes to Core Modules
7069  
7070  C<Attribute::Handlers>, C<B::Lint>, C<B>, C<Thread>
7071  
7072  =back
7073  
7074  =item Utility Changes
7075  
7076  perl -d, ptar, ptardiff, shasum, corelist, h2ph and h2xs, perlivp,
7077  find2perl, config_data, cpanp, cpan2dist, pod2html
7078  
7079  =item New Documentation
7080  
7081  =item Performance Enhancements
7082  
7083  =over 4
7084  
7085  =item In-place sorting
7086  
7087  =item Lexical array access
7088  
7089  =item XS-assisted SWASHGET
7090  
7091  =item Constant subroutines
7092  
7093  =item C<PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV>
7094  
7095  =item Weak references are cheaper
7096  
7097  =item sort() enhancements
7098  
7099  =item Memory optimisations
7100  
7101  =item UTF-8 cache optimisation
7102  
7103  =item Sloppy stat on Windows
7104  
7105  =item Regular expressions optimisations
7106  
7107  Engine de-recursivised, Single char char-classes treated as literals, Trie
7108  optimisation of literal string alternations, Aho-Corasick start-point
7109  optimisation
7110  
7111  =back
7112  
7113  =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7114  
7115  =over 4
7116  
7117  =item Configuration improvements
7118  
7119  C<-Dusesitecustomize>, Relocatable installations, strlcat() and strlcpy(),
7120  C<d_pseudofork> and C<d_printf_format_null>, Configure help
7121  
7122  =item Compilation improvements
7123  
7124  Parallel build, Borland's compilers support, Static build on Windows,
7125  ppport.h files, C++ compatibility, Support for Microsoft 64-bit compiler,
7126  Visual C++, Win32 builds
7127  
7128  =item Installation improvements
7129  
7130  Module auxiliary files
7131  
7132  =item New Or Improved Platforms
7133  
7134  =back
7135  
7136  =item Selected Bug Fixes
7137  
7138  strictures in regexp-eval blocks, Calling CORE::require(), Subscripts of
7139  slices, C<no warnings 'category'> works correctly with -w, threads
7140  improvements, chr() and negative values, PERL5SHELL and tainting, Using
7141  *FILE{IO}, Overloading and reblessing, Overloading and UTF-8, eval memory
7142  leaks fixed, Random device on Windows, PERLIO_DEBUG, PerlIO::scalar and
7143  read-only scalars, study() and UTF-8, Critical signals, @INC-hook fix,
7144  C<-t> switch fix, Duping UTF-8 filehandles, Localisation of hash elements
7145  
7146  =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7147  
7148  Use of uninitialized value, Deprecated use of my() in false conditional,
7149  !=~ should be !~, Newline in left-justified string, Too late for "-T"
7150  option, "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration,
7151  readdir()/closedir()/etc. attempted on invalid dirhandle, Opening
7152  dirhandle/filehandle %s also as a file/directory, Use of -P is deprecated,
7153  v-string in use/require is non-portable, perl -V
7154  
7155  =item Changed Internals
7156  
7157  =over 4
7158  
7159  =item Reordering of SVt_* constants
7160  
7161  =item Elimination of SVt_PVBM
7162  
7163  =item New type SVt_BIND
7164  
7165  =item Removal of CPP symbols
7166  
7167  =item Less space is used by ops
7168  
7169  =item New parser
7170  
7171  =item Use of C<const>
7172  
7173  =item Mathoms
7174  
7175  =item C<AvFLAGS> has been removed
7176  
7177  =item C<av_*> changes
7178  
7179  =item $^H and %^H
7180  
7181  =item B:: modules inheritance changed
7182  
7183  =item Anonymous hash and array constructors
7184  
7185  =back
7186  
7187  =item Known Problems
7188  
7189  =item Platform Specific Problems
7190  
7191  =item Reporting Bugs
7192  
7193  =item SEE ALSO
7194  
7195  =back
7196  
7197  =head2 perl595delta - what is new for perl v5.9.5
7198  
7199  =over 4
7200  
7201  =item DESCRIPTION
7202  
7203  =item Incompatible Changes
7204  
7205  =over 4
7206  
7207  =item Tainting and printf
7208  
7209  =item undef and signal handlers
7210  
7211  =item strictures and array/hash dereferencing in defined()
7212  
7213  =item C<(?p{})> has been removed
7214  
7215  =item Pseudo-hashes have been removed
7216  
7217  =item Removal of the bytecode compiler and of perlcc
7218  
7219  =item Removal of the JPL
7220  
7221  =item Recursive inheritance detected earlier
7222  
7223  =back
7224  
7225  =item Core Enhancements
7226  
7227  =over 4
7228  
7229  =item Regular expressions
7230  
7231  Recursive Patterns, Named Capture Buffers, Possessive Quantifiers,
7232  Backtracking control verbs, Relative backreferences, C<\K> escape, Vertical
7233  and horizontal whitespace, and linebreak
7234  
7235  =item The C<_> prototype
7236  
7237  =item UNITCHECK blocks
7238  
7239  =item readpipe() is now overridable
7240  
7241  =item default argument for readline()
7242  
7243  =item UCD 5.0.0
7244  
7245  =item Smart match
7246  
7247  =item Implicit loading of C<feature>
7248  
7249  =back
7250  
7251  =item Modules and Pragmas
7252  
7253  =over 4
7254  
7255  =item New Pragma, C<mro>
7256  
7257  =item bignum, bigint, bigrat
7258  
7259  =item Math::BigInt/Math::BigFloat
7260  
7261  config(), import(), roundmode common, bpi(), bcos(), bsin(), batan(),
7262  batan2(), bmuladd(), bexp(), bnok(), from_hex(), from_oct(), and
7263  from_bin(), as_oct()
7264  
7265  =item New Core Modules
7266  
7267  =item Module changes
7268  
7269  C<assertions>, C<base>, C<strict> and C<warnings>, C<warnings>, C<less>,
7270  C<Attribute::Handlers>, C<B::Lint>, C<B>, C<Thread>
7271  
7272  =back
7273  
7274  =item Utility Changes
7275  
7276  =over 4
7277  
7278  =item C<cpanp>
7279  
7280  =item C<cpan2dist>
7281  
7282  =item C<pod2html>
7283  
7284  =back
7285  
7286  =item Documentation
7287  
7288  =over 4
7289  
7290  =item New manpage, perlunifaq
7291  
7292  =back
7293  
7294  =item Performance Enhancements
7295  
7296  =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7297  
7298  =over 4
7299  
7300  =item C++ compatibility
7301  
7302  =item Visual C++
7303  
7304  =item Static build on Win32
7305  
7306  =item win32 builds
7307  
7308  =item C<d_pseudofork> and C<d_printf_format_null>
7309  
7310  =item Help
7311  
7312  =item 64bit systems
7313  
7314  =item Ports
7315  
7316  =back
7317  
7318  =item Selected Bug Fixes
7319  
7320  =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7321  
7322  =over 4
7323  
7324  =item Deprecations
7325  
7326  =back
7327  
7328  =item Changed Internals
7329  
7330  =item Known Problems
7331  
7332  =over 4
7333  
7334  =item Platform Specific Problems
7335  
7336  =back
7337  
7338  =item Reporting Bugs
7339  
7340  =item SEE ALSO
7341  
7342  =back
7343  
7344  =head2 perl594delta - what is new for perl v5.9.4
7345  
7346  =over 4
7347  
7348  =item DESCRIPTION
7349  
7350  =item Incompatible Changes
7351  
7352  =over 4
7353  
7354  =item chdir FOO
7355  
7356  =item Handling of pmc files
7357  
7358  =item @- and @+ in patterns
7359  
7360  =item $AUTOLOAD can now be tainted
7361  
7362  =back
7363  
7364  =item Core Enhancements
7365  
7366  =over 4
7367  
7368  =item state() variables
7369  
7370  =item UNIVERSAL::DOES()
7371  
7372  =item Exceptions in constant folding
7373  
7374  =item Source filters in @INC
7375  
7376  =item MAD
7377  
7378  =back
7379  
7380  =item Modules and Pragmas
7381  
7382  =over 4
7383  
7384  =item New Core Modules
7385  
7386  =back
7387  
7388  =item Utility Changes
7389  
7390  =over 4
7391  
7392  =item config_data
7393  
7394  =back
7395  
7396  =item Documentation
7397  
7398  =over 4
7399  
7400  =item New manpage, perlpragma
7401  
7402  =item New manpage, perlreguts
7403  
7404  =item New manpage, perlunitut
7405  
7406  =back
7407  
7408  =item Performance Enhancements
7409  
7410  =over 4
7411  
7412  =item Memory optimisations
7413  
7414  =item UTF-8 cache optimisation
7415  
7416  =item Regular expressions
7417  
7418  Engine de-recursivised, Single char char-classes treated as literals, Trie
7419  optimisation of literal string alternations, Aho-Corasick start-point
7420  optimisation
7421  
7422  =item Sloppy stat on Windows
7423  
7424  =back
7425  
7426  =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7427  
7428  =over 4
7429  
7430  =item Relocatable installations
7431  
7432  =item Ports
7433  
7434  =item Compilation improvements
7435  
7436  =item New probes
7437  
7438  =item Windows build improvements
7439  
7440  Building XS extensions, Support for 64-bit compiler
7441  
7442  =back
7443  
7444  =item Selected Bug Fixes
7445  
7446  =over 4
7447  
7448  =item PERL5SHELL and tainting
7449  
7450  =item Using *FILE{IO}
7451  
7452  =item Overloading and reblessing
7453  
7454  =item Overloading and UTF-8
7455  
7456  =item eval memory leaks fixed
7457  
7458  =item Random device on Windows
7459  
7460  =back
7461  
7462  =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7463  
7464  State variable %s will be reinitialized
7465  
7466  =item Changed Internals
7467  
7468  =item Known Problems
7469  
7470  =item Reporting Bugs
7471  
7472  =item SEE ALSO
7473  
7474  =back
7475  
7476  =head2 perl593delta - what is new for perl v5.9.3
7477  
7478  =over 4
7479  
7480  =item DESCRIPTION
7481  
7482  =item Incompatible Changes
7483  
7484  =over 4
7485  
7486  =item Parsing of C<-f _>
7487  
7488  =item C<mkdir()>
7489  
7490  =item Magic goto and eval
7491  
7492  =item C<$#> has been removed
7493  
7494  =item C<:unique>
7495  
7496  =item Scoping of the C<sort> pragma
7497  
7498  =back
7499  
7500  =item Core Enhancements
7501  
7502  =over 4
7503  
7504  =item The C<feature> pragma
7505  
7506  =item Switch and Smart Match operator
7507  
7508  =item C<say()>
7509  
7510  =item C<CLONE_SKIP()>
7511  
7512  =item C<${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}>
7513  
7514  =item Assertions
7515  
7516  =item Unicode Character Database 4.1.0
7517  
7518  =item C<no VERSION>
7519  
7520  =item Recursive sort subs
7521  
7522  =item Effect of pragmas in eval
7523  
7524  =item New B<-E> command-line switch
7525  
7526  =item C<chdir>, C<chmod> and C<chown> on filehandles
7527  
7528  =item OS groups
7529  
7530  =back
7531  
7532  =item Modules and Pragmata
7533  
7534  =over 4
7535  
7536  =item New Core Modules
7537  
7538  =back
7539  
7540  =item Utility Changes
7541  
7542  =over 4
7543  
7544  =item C<ptar>
7545  
7546  =item C<ptardiff>
7547  
7548  =item C<shasum>
7549  
7550  =item C<h2xs> enhancements
7551  
7552  =item C<perlivp> enhancements
7553  
7554  =back
7555  
7556  =item Documentation
7557  
7558  =over 4
7559  
7560  =item Perl Glossary
7561  
7562  =back
7563  
7564  =item Performance Enhancements
7565  
7566  =over 4
7567  
7568  =item XS-assisted SWASHGET
7569  
7570  =item Constant subroutines
7571  
7572  =item C<PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV>
7573  
7574  =item Weak references are cheaper
7575  
7576  =item sort() enhancements
7577  
7578  =back
7579  
7580  =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7581  
7582  =over 4
7583  
7584  =item Compilation improvements
7585  
7586  =item New Or Improved Platforms
7587  
7588  =item New probes
7589  
7590  =item Module auxiliary files
7591  
7592  =back
7593  
7594  =item Selected Bug Fixes
7595  
7596  =over 4
7597  
7598  =item C<defined $$x>
7599  
7600  =item Calling CORE::require()
7601  
7602  =item Subscripts of slices
7603  
7604  =item Remove over-optimisation
7605  
7606  =item sprintf() fixes
7607  
7608  =item no warnings 'category' works correctly with -w
7609  
7610  =item Smaller fixes
7611  
7612  =item More Unicode Fixes
7613  
7614  =back
7615  
7616  =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7617  
7618  =over 4
7619  
7620  =item Attempt to set length of freed array
7621  
7622  =item Non-string passed as bitmask
7623  
7624  =item Search pattern not terminated or ternary operator parsed as search
7625  pattern
7626  
7627  =item "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration
7628  
7629  =item readdir()/closedir()/etc. attempted on invalid dirhandle
7630  
7631  =back
7632  
7633  =item Changed Internals
7634  
7635  =over 4
7636  
7637  =item B:: modules inheritance changed
7638  
7639  =back
7640  
7641  =item Reporting Bugs
7642  
7643  =item SEE ALSO
7644  
7645  =back
7646  
7647  =head2 perl592delta - what is new for perl v5.9.2
7648  
7649  =over 4
7650  
7651  =item DESCRIPTION
7652  
7653  =item Incompatible Changes
7654  
7655  =over 4
7656  
7657  =item Packing and UTF-8 strings
7658  
7659  =item Miscellaneous
7660  
7661  =back
7662  
7663  =item Core Enhancements
7664  
7665  =over 4
7666  
7667  =item Malloc wrapping
7668  
7669  =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.1
7670  
7671  =item suidperl less insecure
7672  
7673  =item PERLIO_DEBUG
7674  
7675  =item Formats
7676  
7677  =item Unicode Character Classes
7678  
7679  =item Byte-order modifiers for pack() and unpack()
7680  
7681  =item Byte count feature in pack()
7682  
7683  =item New variables
7684  
7685  =back
7686  
7687  =item Modules and Pragmata
7688  
7689  =over 4
7690  
7691  =item New modules
7692  
7693  =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
7694  
7695  B::Concise, Socket, Sys::Syslog, threads
7696  
7697  =back
7698  
7699  =item Utility Changes
7700  
7701  =item Performance Enhancements
7702  
7703  =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7704  
7705  =item Selected Bug Fixes
7706  
7707  =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7708  
7709  =item Changed Internals
7710  
7711  =item Known Problems
7712  
7713  =item Plans for the next release
7714  
7715  =item Reporting Bugs
7716  
7717  =item SEE ALSO
7718  
7719  =back
7720  
7721  =head2 perl591delta - what is new for perl v5.9.1
7722  
7723  =over 4
7724  
7725  =item DESCRIPTION
7726  
7727  =item Incompatible Changes
7728  
7729  =over 4
7730  
7731  =item substr() lvalues are no longer fixed-length
7732  
7733  =item The C<:unique> attribute is only meaningful for globals
7734  
7735  =back
7736  
7737  =item Core Enhancements
7738  
7739  =over 4
7740  
7741  =item Lexical C<$_>
7742  
7743  =item Tied hashes in scalar context
7744  
7745  =item Formats
7746  
7747  =item Stacked filetest operators
7748  
7749  =back
7750  
7751  =item Modules and Pragmata
7752  
7753  Benchmark, Carp, Exporter, FindBin, List::Util, threads::shared
7754  
7755  =item Utility Changes
7756  
7757  =item Documentation
7758  
7759  =item Performance Enhancements
7760  
7761  =item Selected Bug Fixes
7762  
7763  =over 4
7764  
7765  =item UTF-8 bugs
7766  
7767  =item Threading bugs
7768  
7769  =item More bugs
7770  
7771  =back
7772  
7773  =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7774  
7775  =item Changed Internals
7776  
7777  =over 4
7778  
7779  =item Reordering of SVt_* constants
7780  
7781  =item Removal of CPP symbols
7782  
7783  =item Less space is used by ops
7784  
7785  =item New parser
7786  
7787  =back
7788  
7789  =item Configuration and Building
7790  
7791  =item Known Problems
7792  
7793  =over 4
7794  
7795  =item Platform Specific Problems
7796  
7797  =back
7798  
7799  =item To-do for perl 5.10.0
7800  
7801  =item Reporting Bugs
7802  
7803  =item SEE ALSO
7804  
7805  =back
7806  
7807  =head2 perl590delta - what is new for perl v5.9.0
7808  
7809  =over 4
7810  
7811  =item DESCRIPTION
7812  
7813  =item Incompatible Changes
7814  
7815  =over 4
7816  
7817  =item Hash Randomisation
7818  
7819  =item UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale
7820  
7821  =item Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before "=>"
7822  
7823  =item (Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed
7824  
7825  =item (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe
7826  
7827  =item The C<$*> variable has been removed
7828  
7829  =back
7830  
7831  =item Core Enhancements
7832  
7833  =over 4
7834  
7835  =item Assertions
7836  
7837  =item Defined-or operators
7838  
7839  =item UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales
7840  
7841  =item Unsafe signals again available
7842  
7843  =item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
7844  
7845  =item local ${$x}
7846  
7847  =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.0
7848  
7849  =item Miscellaneous Enhancements
7850  
7851  =back
7852  
7853  =item Modules and Pragmata
7854  
7855  =over 4
7856  
7857  =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
7858  
7859  base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes,
7860  CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5,
7861  Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping,
7862  PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc,
7863  Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More,
7864  Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared,
7865  Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath,
7866  Win32::GetOSVersion
7867  
7868  =back
7869  
7870  =item Utility Changes
7871  
7872  =item New Documentation
7873  
7874  =item Performance Enhancements
7875  
7876  =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7877  
7878  =over 4
7879  
7880  =item Platform-specific enhancements
7881  
7882  =back
7883  
7884  =item Selected Bug Fixes
7885  
7886  =over 4
7887  
7888  =item Closures, eval and lexicals
7889  
7890  =item Generic fixes
7891  
7892  =item Platform-specific fixes
7893  
7894  =back
7895  
7896  =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7897  
7898  =over 4
7899  
7900  =item Changed "A thread exited while %d threads were running"
7901  
7902  =item Removed "Attempt to clear a restricted hash"
7903  
7904  =item New "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine"
7905  
7906  =item Changed "Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator"
7907  
7908  =item New "Missing control char name in \c"
7909  
7910  =item New "Newline in left-justified string for %s"
7911  
7912  =item New "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator"
7913  
7914  =item New "read() on %s filehandle %s"
7915  
7916  =item New "Tied variable freed while still in use"
7917  
7918  =item New "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'"
7919  
7920  =item New "Use of freed value in iteration"
7921  
7922  =back
7923  
7924  =item Changed Internals
7925  
7926  =item New Tests
7927  
7928  =item Known Problems
7929  
7930  =over 4
7931  
7932  =item Tied hashes in scalar context
7933  
7934  =item Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures
7935  
7936  =item B::C
7937  
7938  =back
7939  
7940  =item Platform Specific Problems
7941  
7942  =over 4
7943  
7944  =item EBCDIC Platforms
7945  
7946  =item Cygwin 1.5 problems
7947  
7948  =item HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath
7949  
7950  =item IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing
7951  
7952  =item Mac OS X: no usemymalloc
7953  
7954  =item Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc)
7955  
7956  =item Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite
7957  
7958  =back
7959  
7960  =item TODO
7961  
7962  =item Reporting Bugs
7963  
7964  =item SEE ALSO
7965  
7966  =back
7967  
7968  =head2 perl588delta - what is new for perl v5.8.8
7969  
7970  =over 4
7971  
7972  =item DESCRIPTION
7973  
7974  =item Incompatible Changes
7975  
7976  =item Core Enhancements
7977  
7978  =item Modules and Pragmata
7979  
7980  =item Utility Changes
7981  
7982  =over 4
7983  
7984  =item C<h2xs> enhancements
7985  
7986  =item C<perlivp> enhancements
7987  
7988  =back
7989  
7990  =item New Documentation
7991  
7992  =item Performance Enhancements
7993  
7994  =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7995  
7996  =item Selected Bug Fixes
7997  
7998  =over 4
7999  
8000  =item no warnings 'category' works correctly with -w
8001  
8002  =item Remove over-optimisation
8003  
8004  =item sprintf() fixes
8005  
8006  =item Debugger and Unicode slowdown
8007  
8008  =item Smaller fixes
8009  
8010  =back
8011  
8012  =item New or Changed Diagnostics
8013  
8014  =over 4
8015  
8016  =item Attempt to set length of freed array
8017  
8018  =item Non-string passed as bitmask
8019  
8020  =item Search pattern not terminated or ternary operator parsed as search
8021  pattern
8022  
8023  =back
8024  
8025  =item Changed Internals
8026  
8027  =item Platform Specific Problems
8028  
8029  =item Reporting Bugs
8030  
8031  =item SEE ALSO
8032  
8033  =back
8034  
8035  =head2 perl587delta - what is new for perl v5.8.7
8036  
8037  =over 4
8038  
8039  =item DESCRIPTION
8040  
8041  =item Incompatible Changes
8042  
8043  =item Core Enhancements
8044  
8045  =over 4
8046  
8047  =item Unicode Character Database 4.1.0
8048  
8049  =item suidperl less insecure
8050  
8051  =item Optional site customization script
8052  
8053  =item C<Config.pm> is now much smaller.
8054  
8055  =back
8056  
8057  =item Modules and Pragmata
8058  
8059  =item Utility Changes
8060  
8061  =over 4
8062  
8063  =item find2perl enhancements
8064  
8065  =back
8066  
8067  =item Performance Enhancements
8068  
8069  =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
8070  
8071  =item Selected Bug Fixes
8072  
8073  =item New or Changed Diagnostics
8074  
8075  =item Changed Internals
8076  
8077  =item Known Problems
8078  
8079  =item Platform Specific Problems
8080  
8081  =item Reporting Bugs
8082  
8083  =item SEE ALSO
8084  
8085  =back
8086  
8087  =head2 perl586delta - what is new for perl v5.8.6
8088  
8089  =over 4
8090  
8091  =item DESCRIPTION
8092  
8093  =item Incompatible Changes
8094  
8095  =item Core Enhancements
8096  
8097  =item Modules and Pragmata
8098  
8099  =item Utility Changes
8100  
8101  =item Performance Enhancements
8102  
8103  =item Selected Bug Fixes
8104  
8105  =item New or Changed Diagnostics
8106  
8107  =item Changed Internals
8108  
8109  =item New Tests
8110  
8111  =item Reporting Bugs
8112  
8113  =item SEE ALSO
8114  
8115  =back
8116  
8117  =head2 perl585delta - what is new for perl v5.8.5
8118  
8119  =over 4
8120  
8121  =item DESCRIPTION
8122  
8123  =item Incompatible Changes
8124  
8125  =item Core Enhancements
8126  
8127  =item Modules and Pragmata
8128  
8129  =item Utility Changes
8130  
8131  =over 4
8132  
8133  =item Perl's debugger
8134  
8135  =item h2ph
8136  
8137  =back
8138  
8139  =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
8140  
8141  =item Selected Bug Fixes
8142  
8143  =item New or Changed Diagnostics
8144  
8145  =item Changed Internals
8146  
8147  =item Known Problems
8148  
8149  =item Platform Specific Problems
8150  
8151  =item Reporting Bugs
8152  
8153  =item SEE ALSO
8154  
8155  =back
8156  
8157  =head2 perl584delta - what is new for perl v5.8.4
8158  
8159  =over 4
8160  
8161  =item DESCRIPTION
8162  
8163  =item Incompatible Changes
8164  
8165  =item Core Enhancements
8166  
8167  =over 4
8168  
8169  =item Malloc wrapping
8170  
8171  =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.1
8172  
8173  =item suidperl less insecure
8174  
8175  =item format
8176  
8177  =back
8178  
8179  =item Modules and Pragmata
8180  
8181  =over 4
8182  
8183  =item Updated modules
8184  
8185  Attribute::Handlers, B, Benchmark, CGI, Carp, Cwd, Exporter, File::Find,
8186  IO, IPC::Open3, Local::Maketext, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
8187  Math::BigRat, MIME::Base64, ODBM_File, POSIX, Shell, Socket, Storable,
8188  Switch, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Time::HiRes, Unicode::UCD, Win32,
8189  base, open, threads, utf8
8190  
8191  =back
8192  
8193  =item Performance Enhancements
8194  
8195  =item Utility Changes
8196  
8197  =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
8198  
8199  =item Selected Bug Fixes
8200  
8201  =item New or Changed Diagnostics
8202  
8203  =item Changed Internals
8204  
8205  =item Future Directions
8206  
8207  =item Platform Specific Problems
8208  
8209  =item Reporting Bugs
8210  
8211  =item SEE ALSO
8212  
8213  =back
8214  
8215  =head2 perl583delta - what is new for perl v5.8.3
8216  
8217  =over 4
8218  
8219  =item DESCRIPTION
8220  
8221  =item Incompatible Changes
8222  
8223  =item Core Enhancements
8224  
8225  =item Modules and Pragmata
8226  
8227  CGI, Cwd, Digest, Digest::MD5, Encode, File::Spec, FindBin, List::Util,
8228  Math::BigInt, PodParser, Pod::Perldoc, POSIX, Unicode::Collate,
8229  Unicode::Normalize, Test::Harness, threads::shared
8230  
8231  =item Utility Changes
8232  
8233  =item New Documentation
8234  
8235  =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
8236  
8237  =item Selected Bug Fixes
8238  
8239  =item New or Changed Diagnostics
8240  
8241  =item Changed Internals
8242  
8243  =item Configuration and Building
8244  
8245  =item Platform Specific Problems
8246  
8247  =item Known Problems
8248  
8249  =item Future Directions
8250  
8251  =item Obituary
8252  
8253  =item Reporting Bugs
8254  
8255  =item SEE ALSO
8256  
8257  =back
8258  
8259  =head2 perl582delta - what is new for perl v5.8.2
8260  
8261  =over 4
8262  
8263  =item DESCRIPTION
8264  
8265  =item Incompatible Changes
8266  
8267  =item Core Enhancements
8268  
8269  =over 4
8270  
8271  =item Hash Randomisation
8272  
8273  =item Threading
8274  
8275  =back
8276  
8277  =item Modules and Pragmata
8278  
8279  =over 4
8280  
8281  =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
8282  
8283  Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5, I18N::LangTags, libnet, MIME::Base64,
8284  Pod::Perldoc, strict, Tie::Hash, Time::HiRes, Unicode::Collate,
8285  Unicode::Normalize, UNIVERSAL
8286  
8287  =back
8288  
8289  =item Selected Bug Fixes
8290  
8291  =item Changed Internals
8292  
8293  =item Platform Specific Problems
8294  
8295  =item Future Directions
8296  
8297  =item Reporting Bugs
8298  
8299  =item SEE ALSO
8300  
8301  =back
8302  
8303  =head2 perl581delta - what is new for perl v5.8.1
8304  
8305  =over 4
8306  
8307  =item DESCRIPTION
8308  
8309  =item Incompatible Changes
8310  
8311  =over 4
8312  
8313  =item Hash Randomisation
8314  
8315  =item UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale
8316  
8317  =item Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before "=>"
8318  
8319  =item (Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed
8320  
8321  =item (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe
8322  
8323  =back
8324  
8325  =item Core Enhancements
8326  
8327  =over 4
8328  
8329  =item UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales
8330  
8331  =item Unsafe signals again available
8332  
8333  =item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
8334  
8335  =item local ${$x}
8336  
8337  =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.0
8338  
8339  =item Deprecation Warnings
8340  
8341  =item Miscellaneous Enhancements
8342  
8343  =back
8344  
8345  =item Modules and Pragmata
8346  
8347  =over 4
8348  
8349  =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
8350  
8351  base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes,
8352  CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5,
8353  Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping,
8354  PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc,
8355  Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More,
8356  Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared,
8357  Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath,
8358  Win32::GetOSVersion
8359  
8360  =back
8361  
8362  =item Utility Changes
8363  
8364  =item New Documentation
8365  
8366  =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
8367  
8368  =over 4
8369  
8370  =item Platform-specific enhancements
8371  
8372  =back
8373  
8374  =item Selected Bug Fixes
8375  
8376  =over 4
8377  
8378  =item Closures, eval and lexicals
8379  
8380  =item Generic fixes
8381  
8382  =item Platform-specific fixes
8383  
8384  =back
8385  
8386  =item New or Changed Diagnostics
8387  
8388  =over 4
8389  
8390  =item Changed "A thread exited while %d threads were running"
8391  
8392  =item Removed "Attempt to clear a restricted hash"
8393  
8394  =item New "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine"
8395  
8396  =item Changed "Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator"
8397  
8398  =item New "Missing control char name in \c"
8399  
8400  =item New "Newline in left-justified string for %s"
8401  
8402  =item New "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator"
8403  
8404  =item New "Pseudo-hashes are deprecated"
8405  
8406  =item New "read() on %s filehandle %s"
8407  
8408  =item New "5.005 threads are deprecated"
8409  
8410  =item New "Tied variable freed while still in use"
8411  
8412  =item New "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'"
8413  
8414  =item New "Use of freed value in iteration"
8415  
8416  =back
8417  
8418  =item Changed Internals
8419  
8420  =item New Tests
8421  
8422  =item Known Problems
8423  
8424  =over 4
8425  
8426  =item Tied hashes in scalar context
8427  
8428  =item Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures
8429  
8430  =item B::C
8431  
8432  =back
8433  
8434  =item Platform Specific Problems
8435  
8436  =over 4
8437  
8438  =item EBCDIC Platforms
8439  
8440  =item Cygwin 1.5 problems
8441  
8442  =item HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath
8443  
8444  =item IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing
8445  
8446  =item Mac OS X: no usemymalloc
8447  
8448  =item Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc)
8449  
8450  =item Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite
8451  
8452  =back
8453  
8454  =item Future Directions
8455  
8456  =item Reporting Bugs
8457  
8458  =item SEE ALSO
8459  
8460  =back
8461  
8462  =head2 perl58delta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
8463  
8464  =over 4
8465  
8466  =item DESCRIPTION
8467  
8468  =item Highlights In 5.8.0
8469  
8470  =item Incompatible Changes
8471  
8472  =over 4
8473  
8474  =item Binary Incompatibility
8475  
8476  =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
8477  
8478  =item AIX Dynaloading
8479  
8480  =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time
8481  
8482  =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
8483  
8484  =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
8485  
8486  =item New Unicode Semantics (no more C<use utf8>, almost)
8487  
8488  =item New Unicode Properties
8489  
8490  =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
8491  
8492  =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
8493  
8494  =item glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order
8495  
8496  =item Deprecations
8497  
8498  =back
8499  
8500  =item Core Enhancements
8501  
8502  =over 4
8503  
8504  =item Unicode Overhaul
8505  
8506  =item PerlIO is Now The Default
8507  
8508  =item ithreads
8509  
8510  =item Restricted Hashes
8511  
8512  =item Safe Signals
8513  
8514  =item Understanding of Numbers
8515  
8516  =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
8517  
8518  =item Miscellaneous Changes
8519  
8520  =back
8521  
8522  =item Modules and Pragmata
8523  
8524  =over 4
8525  
8526  =item New Modules and Pragmata
8527  
8528  =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
8529  
8530  =back
8531  
8532  =item Utility Changes
8533  
8534  =item New Documentation
8535  
8536  =item Performance Enhancements
8537  
8538  =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
8539  
8540  =over 4
8541  
8542  =item Generic Improvements
8543  
8544  =item New Or Improved Platforms
8545  
8546  =back
8547  
8548  =item Selected Bug Fixes
8549  
8550  =over 4
8551  
8552  =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
8553  
8554  =back
8555  
8556  =item New or Changed Diagnostics
8557  
8558  =item Changed Internals
8559  
8560  =item Security Vulnerability Closed [561]
8561  
8562  =item New Tests
8563  
8564  =item Known Problems
8565  
8566  =over 4
8567  
8568  =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
8569  
8570  =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
8571  
8572  =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
8573  
8574  =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
8575  
8576  =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
8577  
8578  =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
8579  
8580  =item libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
8581  
8582  =item PDL failing some tests
8583  
8584  =item Perl_get_sv
8585  
8586  =item Self-tying Problems
8587  
8588  =item ext/threads/t/libc
8589  
8590  =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
8591  
8592  =item Timing problems
8593  
8594  =item Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify
8595  
8596  =item Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work
8597  
8598  =back
8599  
8600  =item Platform Specific Problems
8601  
8602  =over 4
8603  
8604  =item AIX
8605  
8606  =item Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
8607  
8608  =item AmigaOS
8609  
8610  =item BeOS
8611  
8612  =item Cygwin "unable to remap"
8613  
8614  =item Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT
8615  
8616  =item DJGPP Failures
8617  
8618  =item FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
8619  
8620  =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales
8621  
8622  =item IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5
8623  
8624  =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
8625  
8626  =item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
8627  
8628  =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
8629  
8630  =item Mac OS X
8631  
8632  =item Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols
8633  
8634  =item OS/2 Test Failures
8635  
8636  =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
8637  
8638  =item SCO
8639  
8640  =item Solaris 2.5
8641  
8642  =item Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint
8643  
8644  =item SUPER-UX (NEC SX)
8645  
8646  =item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
8647  
8648  =item UNICOS/mk
8649  
8650  =item UTS
8651  
8652  =item VOS (Stratus)
8653  
8654  =item VMS
8655  
8656  =item Win32
8657  
8658  =item XML::Parser not working
8659  
8660  =item z/OS (OS/390)
8661  
8662  =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
8663  
8664  =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
8665  
8666  =back
8667  
8668  =item Reporting Bugs
8669  
8670  =item SEE ALSO
8671  
8672  =item HISTORY
8673  
8674  =back
8675  
8676  =head2 perl573delta - what's new for perl v5.7.3
8677  
8678  =over 4
8679  
8680  =item DESCRIPTION
8681  
8682  =item Changes
8683  
8684  =item Reporting Bugs
8685  
8686  =item SEE ALSO
8687  
8688  =item HISTORY
8689  
8690  =back
8691  
8692  =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
8693  
8694  =over 4
8695  
8696  =item DESCRIPTION
8697  
8698  =item Security Vulnerability Closed
8699  
8700  =item Incompatible Changes
8701  
8702  =over 4
8703  
8704  =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
8705  
8706  =item AIX Dynaloading
8707  
8708  =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
8709  
8710  =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
8711  
8712  =item Deprecations
8713  
8714  =back
8715  
8716  =item Core Enhancements
8717  
8718  =item Modules and Pragmata
8719  
8720  =over 4
8721  
8722  =item New Modules and Distributions
8723  
8724  =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
8725  
8726  =back
8727  
8728  =item Utility Changes
8729  
8730  =item New Documentation
8731  
8732  =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
8733  
8734  =over 4
8735  
8736  =item New Or Improved Platforms
8737  
8738  =item Generic Improvements
8739  
8740  =back
8741  
8742  =item Selected Bug Fixes
8743  
8744  =over 4
8745  
8746  =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
8747  
8748  =back
8749  
8750  =item New or Changed Diagnostics
8751  
8752  =item Source Code Enhancements
8753  
8754  =over 4
8755  
8756  =item MAGIC constants
8757  
8758  =item Better commented code
8759  
8760  =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
8761  
8762  =item gcc -Wall
8763  
8764  =back
8765  
8766  =item New Tests
8767  
8768  =item Known Problems
8769  
8770  =over 4
8771  
8772  =item AIX
8773  
8774  =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
8775  
8776  =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
8777  
8778  =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
8779  
8780  =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
8781  
8782  =item  HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
8783  
8784  =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
8785  
8786  =item OS/390
8787  
8788  =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
8789  
8790  =item  Failure of Thread tests
8791  
8792  =item UNICOS
8793  
8794  =item UTS
8795  
8796  =item VMS
8797  
8798  =item Win32
8799  
8800  =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
8801  
8802  =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
8803  
8804  =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
8805  
8806  =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
8807  
8808  =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
8809  
8810  =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
8811  
8812  =back
8813  
8814  =item Reporting Bugs
8815  
8816  =item SEE ALSO
8817  
8818  =item HISTORY
8819  
8820  =back
8821  
8822  =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
8823  
8824  =over 4
8825  
8826  =item DESCRIPTION
8827  
8828  =item Security Vulnerability Closed
8829  
8830  =item Incompatible Changes
8831  
8832  =item Core Enhancements
8833  
8834  =over 4
8835  
8836  =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
8837  
8838  =item PerlIO is Now The Default
8839  
8840  =item Signals Are Now Safe
8841  
8842  =back
8843  
8844  =item Modules and Pragmata
8845  
8846  =over 4
8847  
8848  =item New Modules
8849  
8850  =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
8851  
8852  =back
8853  
8854  =item Performance Enhancements
8855  
8856  =item Utility Changes
8857  
8858  =item New Documentation
8859  
8860  =over 4
8861  
8862  =item perlclib
8863  
8864  =item perliol
8865  
8866  =item README.aix
8867  
8868  =item README.bs2000
8869  
8870  =item README.macos
8871  
8872  =item README.mpeix
8873  
8874  =item README.solaris
8875  
8876  =item README.vos
8877  
8878  =item Porting/repository.pod
8879  
8880  =back
8881  
8882  =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
8883  
8884  =over 4
8885  
8886  =item New Or Improved Platforms
8887  
8888  =item Generic Improvements
8889  
8890  d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
8891  need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
8892  d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
8893  
8894  =back
8895  
8896  =item Selected Bug Fixes
8897  
8898  =over 4
8899  
8900  =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
8901  
8902  =back
8903  
8904  =item New or Changed Diagnostics
8905  
8906  =item Changed Internals
8907  
8908  =item New Tests
8909  
8910  =item Known Problems
8911  
8912  =over 4
8913  
8914  =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
8915  
8916  =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
8917  
8918  =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
8919  
8920  =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
8921  
8922  =item lib/b test 19
8923  
8924  =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
8925  
8926  =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
8927  
8928  =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
8929  
8930  =item  Failure of Thread tests
8931  
8932  =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
8933  
8934  =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
8935  
8936  =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
8937  
8938  =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
8939  
8940  =back
8941  
8942  =item Reporting Bugs
8943  
8944  =item SEE ALSO
8945  
8946  =item HISTORY
8947  
8948  =back
8949  
8950  =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
8951  
8952  =over 4
8953  
8954  =item DESCRIPTION
8955  
8956  =item Security Vulnerability Closed
8957  
8958  =item Incompatible Changes
8959  
8960  =item Core Enhancements
8961  
8962  =item Modules and Pragmata
8963  
8964  =over 4
8965  
8966  =item New Modules
8967  
8968  =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
8969  
8970  =back
8971  
8972  =item Utility Changes
8973  
8974  =item New Documentation
8975  
8976  =item Performance Enhancements
8977  
8978  =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
8979  
8980  =over 4
8981  
8982  =item Generic Improvements
8983  
8984  =back
8985  
8986  =item Selected Bug Fixes
8987  
8988  =over 4
8989  
8990  =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
8991  
8992  =back
8993  
8994  =item New or Changed Diagnostics
8995  
8996  =item Changed Internals
8997  
8998  =item Known Problems
8999  
9000  =over 4
9001  
9002  =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
9003  
9004  =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
9005  
9006  =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
9007  
9008  =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
9009  
9010  =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
9011  
9012  =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
9013  
9014  =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
9015  
9016  =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
9017  
9018  =item Threads Are Still Experimental
9019  
9020  =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
9021  
9022  =back
9023  
9024  =item Reporting Bugs
9025  
9026  =item SEE ALSO
9027  
9028  =item HISTORY
9029  
9030  =back
9031  
9032  =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
9033  
9034  =over 4
9035  
9036  =item DESCRIPTION
9037  
9038  =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
9039  
9040  =over 4
9041  
9042  =item Security Issues
9043  
9044  =item Core bug fixes
9045  
9046  C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
9047  Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
9048  references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
9049  errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
9050  map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
9051  Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
9052  Module;>, Tests
9053  
9054  =item Core features
9055  
9056  =item Configuration issues
9057  
9058  =item Documentation
9059  
9060  =item Bundled modules
9061  
9062  B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
9063  Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
9064  IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
9065  Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
9066  
9067  =item Platform-specific improvements
9068  
9069  NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
9070  
9071  =back
9072  
9073  =item Core Enhancements
9074  
9075  =over 4
9076  
9077  =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
9078  
9079  =item Lexically scoped warning categories
9080  
9081  =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
9082  
9083  =item Support for interpolating named characters
9084  
9085  =item "our" declarations
9086  
9087  =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
9088  
9089  =item Improved Perl version numbering system
9090  
9091  =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
9092  
9093  =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
9094  
9095  =item open() with more than two arguments
9096  
9097  =item 64-bit support
9098  
9099  =item Large file support
9100  
9101  =item Long doubles
9102  
9103  =item "more bits"
9104  
9105  =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
9106  
9107  =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
9108  
9109  =item File globbing implemented internally
9110  
9111  =item Support for CHECK blocks
9112  
9113  =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
9114  
9115  =item Better pseudo-random number generator
9116  
9117  =item Improved C<qw//> operator
9118  
9119  =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
9120  
9121  =item pack() format 'Z' supported
9122  
9123  =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
9124  
9125  =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
9126  
9127  =item Comments in pack() templates
9128  
9129  =item Weak references
9130  
9131  =item Binary numbers supported
9132  
9133  =item Lvalue subroutines
9134  
9135  =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
9136  
9137  =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
9138  
9139  =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
9140  
9141  =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
9142  
9143  =item Pseudo-hashes work better
9144  
9145  =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
9146  
9147  =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
9148  
9149  =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
9150  
9151  =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
9152  
9153  =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
9154  
9155  =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
9156  
9157  =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
9158  
9159  =item Improved diagnostics
9160  
9161  =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
9162  
9163  =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
9164  
9165  =item syswrite() ease-of-use
9166  
9167  =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
9168  
9169  =item Bit operators support full native integer width
9170  
9171  =item Improved security features
9172  
9173  =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
9174  
9175  =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
9176  
9177  =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
9178  
9179  =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
9180  
9181  =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
9182  
9183  =item Optional Y2K warnings
9184  
9185  =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
9186  
9187  =item @- and @+ provide starting/ending offsets of regex submatches
9188  
9189  =back
9190  
9191  =item Modules and Pragmata
9192  
9193  =over 4
9194  
9195  =item Modules
9196  
9197  attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
9198  DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
9199  Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
9200  File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
9201  Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
9202  podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
9203  pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
9204  Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
9205  
9206  =item Pragmata
9207  
9208  =back
9209  
9210  =item Utility Changes
9211  
9212  =over 4
9213  
9214  =item dprofpp
9215  
9216  =item find2perl
9217  
9218  =item h2xs
9219  
9220  =item perlcc
9221  
9222  =item perldoc
9223  
9224  =item The Perl Debugger
9225  
9226  =back
9227  
9228  =item Improved Documentation
9229  
9230  perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
9231  perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
9232  perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
9233  perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
9234  
9235  =item Performance enhancements
9236  
9237  =over 4
9238  
9239  =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
9240  
9241  =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
9242  
9243  =item Faster subroutine calls
9244  
9245  =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
9246  
9247  =back
9248  
9249  =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
9250  
9251  =over 4
9252  
9253  =item -Dusethreads means something different
9254  
9255  =item New Configure flags
9256  
9257  =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
9258  
9259  =item Long Doubles
9260  
9261  =item -Dusemorebits
9262  
9263  =item -Duselargefiles
9264  
9265  =item installusrbinperl
9266  
9267  =item SOCKS support
9268  
9269  =item C<-A> flag
9270  
9271  =item Enhanced Installation Directories
9272  
9273  =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
9274  
9275  =back
9276  
9277  =item Platform specific changes
9278  
9279  =over 4
9280  
9281  =item Supported platforms
9282  
9283  =item DOS
9284  
9285  =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
9286  
9287  =item VMS
9288  
9289  =item Win32
9290  
9291  =back
9292  
9293  =item Significant bug fixes
9294  
9295  =over 4
9296  
9297  =item <HANDLE> on empty files
9298  
9299  =item C<eval '...'> improvements
9300  
9301  =item All compilation errors are true errors
9302  
9303  =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
9304  
9305  =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
9306  
9307  =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
9308  
9309  =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
9310  
9311  =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
9312  
9313  =item Failures in DESTROY()
9314  
9315  =item Locale bugs fixed
9316  
9317  =item Memory leaks
9318  
9319  =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
9320  
9321  =item Taint failures under C<-U>
9322  
9323  =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
9324  
9325  =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
9326  
9327  =back
9328  
9329  =item New or Changed Diagnostics
9330  
9331  "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
9332  implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
9333  / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
9334  by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
9335  \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
9336  passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
9337  early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
9338  argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
9339  subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
9340  %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
9341  substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
9342  Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
9343  size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
9344  filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
9345  Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
9346  Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
9347  remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
9348  weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
9349  syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
9350  constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
9351  defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
9352  "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
9353  %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
9354  output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
9355  explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
9356  Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
9357  |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
9358  number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
9359  %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
9360  separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
9361  subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
9362  returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
9363  %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
9364  No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
9365  No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
9366  is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
9367  panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
9368  around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
9369  Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
9370  instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
9371  Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
9372  Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
9373  zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
9374  Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
9375  environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
9376  '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
9377  escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
9378  list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
9379  subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
9380  CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
9381  
9382  =item New tests
9383  
9384  =item Incompatible Changes
9385  
9386  =over 4
9387  
9388  =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
9389  
9390  CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
9391  Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
9392  C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
9393  generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
9394  read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
9395  Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
9396  values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
9397  Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
9398  Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
9399  prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
9400  on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
9401  
9402  =item C Source Incompatibilities
9403  
9404  C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
9405  
9406  =item Compatible C Source API Changes
9407  
9408  C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
9409  
9410  =item Binary Incompatibilities
9411  
9412  =back
9413  
9414  =item Known Problems
9415  
9416  =over 4
9417  
9418  =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
9419  
9420  =item Known test failures
9421  
9422  =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
9423  
9424  =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
9425  
9426  =item Arrow operator and arrays
9427  
9428  =item Experimental features
9429  
9430  Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
9431  pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
9432  globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
9433  
9434  =back
9435  
9436  =item Obsolete Diagnostics
9437  
9438  Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
9439  logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
9440  \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
9441  to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
9442  
9443  =item Reporting Bugs
9444  
9445  =item SEE ALSO
9446  
9447  =item HISTORY
9448  
9449  =back
9450  
9451  =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
9452  
9453  =over 4
9454  
9455  =item DESCRIPTION
9456  
9457  =item Core Enhancements
9458  
9459  =over 4
9460  
9461  =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
9462  
9463  =item Lexically scoped warning categories
9464  
9465  =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
9466  
9467  =item Support for interpolating named characters
9468  
9469  =item "our" declarations
9470  
9471  =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
9472  
9473  =item Improved Perl version numbering system
9474  
9475  =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
9476  
9477  =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
9478  
9479  =item open() with more than two arguments
9480  
9481  =item 64-bit support
9482  
9483  =item Large file support
9484  
9485  =item Long doubles
9486  
9487  =item "more bits"
9488  
9489  =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
9490  
9491  =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
9492  
9493  =item File globbing implemented internally
9494  
9495  =item Support for CHECK blocks
9496  
9497  =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
9498  
9499  =item Better pseudo-random number generator
9500  
9501  =item Improved C<qw//> operator
9502  
9503  =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
9504  
9505  =item pack() format 'Z' supported
9506  
9507  =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
9508  
9509  =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
9510  
9511  =item Comments in pack() templates
9512  
9513  =item Weak references
9514  
9515  =item Binary numbers supported
9516  
9517  =item Lvalue subroutines
9518  
9519  =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
9520  
9521  =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
9522  
9523  =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
9524  
9525  =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
9526  
9527  =item Pseudo-hashes work better
9528  
9529  =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
9530  
9531  =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
9532  
9533  =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
9534  
9535  =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
9536  
9537  =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
9538  
9539  =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
9540  
9541  =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
9542  
9543  =item Improved diagnostics
9544  
9545  =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
9546  
9547  =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
9548  
9549  =item syswrite() ease-of-use
9550  
9551  =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
9552  
9553  =item Bit operators support full native integer width
9554  
9555  =item Improved security features
9556  
9557  =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
9558  
9559  =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
9560  
9561  =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
9562  
9563  =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
9564  
9565  =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
9566  
9567  =item Optional Y2K warnings
9568  
9569  =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
9570  
9571  =item @- and @+ provide starting/ending offsets of regex matches
9572  
9573  =back
9574  
9575  =item Modules and Pragmata
9576  
9577  =over 4
9578  
9579  =item Modules
9580  
9581  attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
9582  DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
9583  Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
9584  File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
9585  Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
9586  podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
9587  pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
9588  Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
9589  
9590  =item Pragmata
9591  
9592  =back
9593  
9594  =item Utility Changes
9595  
9596  =over 4
9597  
9598  =item dprofpp
9599  
9600  =item find2perl
9601  
9602  =item h2xs
9603  
9604  =item perlcc
9605  
9606  =item perldoc
9607  
9608  =item The Perl Debugger
9609  
9610  =back
9611  
9612  =item Improved Documentation
9613  
9614  perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
9615  perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
9616  perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
9617  perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
9618  
9619  =item Performance enhancements
9620  
9621  =over 4
9622  
9623  =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
9624  
9625  =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
9626  
9627  =item Faster subroutine calls
9628  
9629  =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
9630  
9631  =back
9632  
9633  =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
9634  
9635  =over 4
9636  
9637  =item -Dusethreads means something different
9638  
9639  =item New Configure flags
9640  
9641  =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
9642  
9643  =item Long Doubles
9644  
9645  =item -Dusemorebits
9646  
9647  =item -Duselargefiles
9648  
9649  =item installusrbinperl
9650  
9651  =item SOCKS support
9652  
9653  =item C<-A> flag
9654  
9655  =item Enhanced Installation Directories
9656  
9657  =back
9658  
9659  =item Platform specific changes
9660  
9661  =over 4
9662  
9663  =item Supported platforms
9664  
9665  =item DOS
9666  
9667  =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
9668  
9669  =item VMS
9670  
9671  =item Win32
9672  
9673  =back
9674  
9675  =item Significant bug fixes
9676  
9677  =over 4
9678  
9679  =item <HANDLE> on empty files
9680  
9681  =item C<eval '...'> improvements
9682  
9683  =item All compilation errors are true errors
9684  
9685  =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
9686  
9687  =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
9688  
9689  =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
9690  
9691  =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
9692  
9693  =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
9694  
9695  =item Failures in DESTROY()
9696  
9697  =item Locale bugs fixed
9698  
9699  =item Memory leaks
9700  
9701  =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
9702  
9703  =item Taint failures under C<-U>
9704  
9705  =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
9706  
9707  =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
9708  
9709  =back
9710  
9711  =item New or Changed Diagnostics
9712  
9713  "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
9714  implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
9715  / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
9716  by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
9717  \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
9718  passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
9719  early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
9720  argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
9721  subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
9722  %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
9723  substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
9724  Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
9725  size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
9726  filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
9727  Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
9728  Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
9729  remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
9730  weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
9731  syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
9732  constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
9733  defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
9734  "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
9735  %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
9736  output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
9737  explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
9738  Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
9739  |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
9740  number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
9741  %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
9742  separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
9743  subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
9744  returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
9745  %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
9746  No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
9747  No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
9748  is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
9749  panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
9750  around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
9751  Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
9752  instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
9753  Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
9754  Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
9755  zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
9756  Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
9757  environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
9758  '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
9759  escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
9760  list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
9761  subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
9762  CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
9763  
9764  =item New tests
9765  
9766  =item Incompatible Changes
9767  
9768  =over 4
9769  
9770  =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
9771  
9772  CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
9773  Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
9774  C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
9775  generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
9776  read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
9777  Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
9778  values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
9779  Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
9780  Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
9781  prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
9782  on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
9783  
9784  =item C Source Incompatibilities
9785  
9786  C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
9787  
9788  =item Compatible C Source API Changes
9789  
9790  C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
9791  
9792  =item Binary Incompatibilities
9793  
9794  =back
9795  
9796  =item Known Problems
9797  
9798  =over 4
9799  
9800  =item Thread test failures
9801  
9802  =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
9803  
9804  =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
9805  
9806  =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
9807  
9808  =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
9809  gcc
9810  
9811  =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
9812  
9813  =item Arrow operator and arrays
9814  
9815  =item Experimental features
9816  
9817  Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
9818  pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
9819  globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
9820  
9821  =back
9822  
9823  =item Obsolete Diagnostics
9824  
9825  Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
9826  logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
9827  \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
9828  to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
9829  
9830  =item Reporting Bugs
9831  
9832  =item SEE ALSO
9833  
9834  =item HISTORY
9835  
9836  =back
9837  
9838  =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
9839  
9840  =over 4
9841  
9842  =item DESCRIPTION
9843  
9844  =item About the new versioning system
9845  
9846  =item Incompatible Changes
9847  
9848  =over 4
9849  
9850  =item WARNING:    This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
9851  
9852  =item Default installation structure has changed
9853  
9854  =item Perl Source Compatibility
9855  
9856  =item C Source Compatibility
9857  
9858  =item Binary Compatibility
9859  
9860  =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
9861  
9862  =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
9863  
9864  =item Licensing
9865  
9866  =back
9867  
9868  =item Core Changes
9869  
9870  =over 4
9871  
9872  =item Threads
9873  
9874  =item Compiler
9875  
9876  =item Regular Expressions
9877  
9878  Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
9879  constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
9880  improvements, Incompatible changes
9881  
9882  =item    Improved malloc()
9883  
9884  =item Quicksort is internally implemented
9885  
9886  =item Reliable signals
9887  
9888  =item Reliable stack pointers
9889  
9890  =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
9891  
9892  =item Memory leaks
9893  
9894  =item Better support for multiple interpreters
9895  
9896  =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
9897  
9898  =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
9899  
9900  =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
9901  
9902  =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
9903  
9904  =item Keywords can be globally overridden
9905  
9906  =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
9907  
9908  =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
9909  
9910  =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
9911  
9912  =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
9913  
9914  =item Better locale support
9915  
9916  =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
9917  
9918  =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
9919  
9920  =item Extended support for exception handling
9921  
9922  =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
9923  
9924  =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
9925  
9926  =item New C<INIT> keyword
9927  
9928  =item New C<lock> keyword
9929  
9930  =item New C<qr//> operator
9931  
9932  =item C<our> is now a reserved word
9933  
9934  =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
9935  
9936  =item Tied handles support is better
9937  
9938  =item 4th argument to substr
9939  
9940  =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
9941  
9942  =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
9943  
9944  =item <> now reads in records
9945  
9946  =back
9947  
9948  =item Supported Platforms
9949  
9950  =over 4
9951  
9952  =item New Platforms
9953  
9954  =item Changes in existing support
9955  
9956  =back
9957  
9958  =item Modules and Pragmata
9959  
9960  =over 4
9961  
9962  =item New Modules
9963  
9964  B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
9965  ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
9966  Thread, attrs, fields, re
9967  
9968  =item Changes in existing modules
9969  
9970  Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
9971  MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
9972  
9973  =back
9974  
9975  =item Utility Changes
9976  
9977  =item Documentation Changes
9978  
9979  =item New Diagnostics
9980  
9981  Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
9982  while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
9983  package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
9984  filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
9985  goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
9986  Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
9987  for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
9988  Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
9989  class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
9990  insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
9991  Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
9992  package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
9993  field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
9994  large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
9995  detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
9996  list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
9997  "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
9998  
9999  =item Obsolete Diagnostics
10000  
10001  Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
10002  temporary file, regexp too big
10003  
10004  =item Configuration Changes
10005  
10006  =item BUGS
10007  
10008  =item SEE ALSO
10009  
10010  =item HISTORY
10011  
10012  =back
10013  
10014  =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
10015  
10016  =over 4
10017  
10018  =item DESCRIPTION
10019  
10020  =item Supported Environments
10021  
10022  =item Core Changes
10023  
10024  =over 4
10025  
10026  =item List assignment to %ENV works
10027  
10028  =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
10029  
10030  =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
10031  
10032  =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
10033  
10034  =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
10035  
10036  =item More precise warnings
10037  
10038  =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
10039  
10040  =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
10041  
10042  =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
10043  
10044  =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
10045  
10046  =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
10047  
10048  =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
10049  
10050  =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
10051  
10052  =item C<wantarray> may return undef
10053  
10054  =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
10055  
10056  =item Changes to tainting checks
10057  
10058  No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
10059  spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
10060  
10061  =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
10062  
10063  =item Embedding improvements
10064  
10065  =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
10066  
10067  =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
10068  
10069  =item New and changed syntax
10070  
10071  $coderef->(PARAMS)
10072  
10073  =item New and changed builtin constants
10074  
10075  __PACKAGE__
10076  
10077  =item New and changed builtin variables
10078  
10079  $^E, $^H, $^M
10080  
10081  =item New and changed builtin functions
10082  
10083  delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
10084  Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
10085  VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
10086  reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
10087  nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
10088  
10089  =item New builtin methods
10090  
10091  isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
10092  
10093  =item TIEHANDLE now supported
10094  
10095  TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
10096  LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
10097  
10098  =item Malloc enhancements
10099  
10100  -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
10101  
10102  =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
10103  
10104  =back
10105  
10106  =item Support for More Operating Systems
10107  
10108  =over 4
10109  
10110  =item Win32
10111  
10112  =item Plan 9
10113  
10114  =item QNX
10115  
10116  =item AmigaOS
10117  
10118  =back
10119  
10120  =item Pragmata
10121  
10122  use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
10123  constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
10124  
10125  =item Modules
10126  
10127  =over 4
10128  
10129  =item Required Updates
10130  
10131  =item Installation directories
10132  
10133  =item Module information summary
10134  
10135  =item Fcntl
10136  
10137  =item IO
10138  
10139  =item Math::Complex
10140  
10141  =item Math::Trig
10142  
10143  =item DB_File
10144  
10145  =item Net::Ping
10146  
10147  =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
10148  
10149  =back
10150  
10151  =item Utility Changes
10152  
10153  =over 4
10154  
10155  =item pod2html
10156  
10157  Sends converted HTML to standard output
10158  
10159  =item xsubpp
10160  
10161  C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
10162  
10163  =back
10164  
10165  =item C Language API Changes
10166  
10167  C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
10168  manipulating hashes
10169  
10170  =item Documentation Changes
10171  
10172  L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
10173  L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
10174  
10175  =item New Diagnostics
10176  
10177  "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
10178  not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
10179  large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
10180  nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
10181  Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
10182  subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
10183  use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
10184  subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
10185  not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
10186  long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
10187  %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
10188  internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
10189  in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
10190  possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
10191  memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
10192  attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
10193  with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
10194  while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
10195  option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
10196  character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
10197  "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
10198  Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
10199  Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
10200  Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
10201  long, Process terminated by SIG%s
10202  
10203  =item BUGS
10204  
10205  =item SEE ALSO
10206  
10207  =item HISTORY
10208  
10209  =back
10210  
10211  =head2 perlartistic - the Perl Artistic License
10212  
10213  =over 4
10214  
10215  =item SYNOPSIS
10216  
10217  =item DESCRIPTION
10218  
10219  =item The "Artistic License"
10220  
10221  =over 4
10222  
10223  =item Preamble
10224  
10225  =item Definitions
10226  
10227  "Package", "Standard Version", "Copyright Holder", "You", "Reasonable
10228  copying fee", "Freely Available"
10229  
10230  =item Conditions
10231  
10232  a), b), c), d), a), b), c), d)
10233  
10234  =back
10235  
10236  =back
10237  
10238  =head2 perlgpl - the GNU General Public License, version 2
10239  
10240  =over 4
10241  
10242  =item SYNOPSIS
10243  
10244  =back
10245  
10246  =over 4
10247  
10248  =item DESCRIPTION
10249  
10250  =item GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
10251  
10252  =back
10253  
10254  =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
10255  
10256  =over 4
10257  
10258  =item DESCRIPTION
10259  
10260  =over 4
10261  
10262  =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
10263  
10264  =item OS level
10265  
10266  =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
10267  
10268  =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
10269  
10270  =item The usenm option
10271  
10272  =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
10273  
10274  =item Using Large Files with Perl
10275  
10276  =item Threaded Perl
10277  
10278  =item 64-bit Perl
10279  
10280  =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
10281  
10282  =back
10283  
10284  =item AUTHOR
10285  
10286  =item DATE
10287  
10288  =back
10289  
10290  =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
10291  
10292  =over 4
10293  
10294  =item NOTE
10295  
10296  =item SYNOPSIS
10297  
10298  =back
10299  
10300  =over 4
10301  
10302  =item DESCRIPTION
10303  
10304  =over 4
10305  
10306  =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
10307  
10308  B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
10309  
10310  =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
10311  
10312  =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
10313  
10314  =back
10315  
10316  =item INSTALLATION
10317  
10318  =item Accessing documentation
10319  
10320  =over 4
10321  
10322  =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
10323  
10324  =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
10325  
10326  =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
10327  
10328  =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
10329  
10330  =back
10331  
10332  =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
10333  
10334  =over 4
10335  
10336  =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
10337  
10338  =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
10339  
10340  =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
10341  
10342  =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
10343  
10344  =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
10345  
10346  =back
10347  
10348  =item PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS
10349  
10350  =item AUTHORS
10351  
10352  =item SEE ALSO
10353  
10354  =back
10355  
10356  =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
10357  
10358  =over 4
10359  
10360  =item DESCRIPTION
10361  
10362  =item AUTHOR
10363  
10364  =back
10365  
10366  =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5.8+ on BeOS
10367  
10368  =over 4
10369  
10370  =item DESCRIPTION
10371  
10372  =item BUILD AND INSTALL
10373  
10374  =over 4
10375  
10376  =item Requirements
10377  
10378  =item Configure
10379  
10380  =item Build
10381  
10382  =item Install
10383  
10384  =back
10385  
10386  =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
10387  
10388  =item CONTACT
10389  
10390  =back
10391  
10392  =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
10393  
10394  =over 4
10395  
10396  =item SYNOPSIS
10397  
10398  =item DESCRIPTION
10399  
10400  =over 4
10401  
10402  =item gzip on BS2000
10403  
10404  =item bison on BS2000
10405  
10406  =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
10407  
10408  =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
10409  
10410  =item Testing Perl on BS2000
10411  
10412  =item Installing Perl on BS2000
10413  
10414  =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
10415  
10416  =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
10417  
10418  =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
10419  
10420  =item Using PerlIO and different encodings on ASCII and EBCDIC partitions
10421  
10422  =back
10423  
10424  =item AUTHORS
10425  
10426  =item SEE ALSO
10427  
10428  =over 4
10429  
10430  =item Mailing list
10431  
10432  =back
10433  
10434  =item HISTORY
10435  
10436  =back
10437  
10438  =head2 perlce - Perl for WinCE
10439  
10440  =over 4
10441  
10442  =item Building Perl for WinCE
10443  
10444  =over 4
10445  
10446  =item DESCRIPTION
10447  
10448  =item General explanations on cross-compiling WinCE
10449  
10450  =item BUILD
10451  
10452  Microsoft Embedded Visual Tools, Microsoft Visual C++, Rainer Keuchel's
10453  celib-sources, Rainer Keuchel's console-sources, go to C<./win32>
10454  subdirectory, edit file C<./win32/ce-helpers/compile.bat>, run     
10455  compile.bat, run    compile.bat dist
10456  
10457  =back
10458  
10459  =item Using Perl on WinCE
10460  
10461  =over 4
10462  
10463  =item DESCRIPTION
10464  
10465  =item LIMITATIONS
10466  
10467  =item ENVIRONMENT
10468  
10469  PERL5LIB, PATH, TMP, UNIXROOTPATH, ROWS/COLS, HOME, CONSOLEFONTSIZE
10470  
10471  =item REGISTRY
10472  
10473  =item XS
10474  
10475  =item BUGS
10476  
10477  =item INSTALLATION
10478  
10479  =back
10480  
10481  =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
10482  
10483  =item History of WinCE port
10484  
10485  =item AUTHORS
10486  
10487  Rainer Keuchel <coyxc@rainer-keuchel.de>, Vadim Konovalov
10488  
10489  =back
10490  
10491  =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
10492  
10493  =over 4
10494  
10495  =item SYNOPSIS
10496  
10497  =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
10498  
10499  =over 4
10500  
10501  =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
10502  
10503  =item Cygwin Configuration
10504  
10505  C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
10506  
10507  =back
10508  
10509  =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
10510  
10511  =over 4
10512  
10513  =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
10514  
10515  =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
10516  
10517  C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm_compat> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
10518  C<cygserver> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil>
10519  
10520  =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
10521  
10522  C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
10523  C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
10524  C<-Dmksymlinks>
10525  
10526  =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
10527  
10528  Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
10529  
10530  =back
10531  
10532  =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
10533  
10534  =item TEST ON CYGWIN
10535  
10536  =over 4
10537  
10538  =item File Permissions on Cygwin
10539  
10540  =item NDBM_File and ODBM_File do not work on FAT filesystems
10541  
10542  =item C<fork()> failures in io_* tests
10543  
10544  =back
10545  
10546  =item Specific features of the Cygwin port
10547  
10548  =over 4
10549  
10550  =item Script Portability on Cygwin
10551  
10552  Pathnames, Text/Binary, PerlIO, F<.exe>, Cygwin vs. Windows process ids,
10553  Cygwin vs. Windows errors, C<chown()>, Miscellaneous
10554  
10555  =item Prebuilt methods:
10556  
10557  C<Cwd::cwd>, C<Cygwin::pid_to_winpid>, C<Cygwin::winpid_to_pid>,
10558  C<Cygwin::win_to_posix_path>, C<Cygwin::posix_to_win_path>,
10559  C<Cygwin::mount_table()>, C<Cygwin::mount_flags>, C<Cygwin::is_binmount>
10560  
10561  =back
10562  
10563  =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
10564  
10565  =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
10566  
10567  Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
10568  Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts, Perl Module Tests
10569  
10570  =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
10571  
10572  =item AUTHORS
10573  
10574  =item HISTORY
10575  
10576  =back
10577  
10578  =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
10579  
10580  =over 4
10581  
10582  =item SYNOPSIS
10583  
10584  =back
10585  
10586  =over 4
10587  
10588  =item DESCRIPTION
10589  
10590  =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
10591  
10592  =over 4
10593  
10594  =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
10595  
10596  =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
10597  
10598  =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
10599  
10600  =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
10601  
10602  =back
10603  
10604  =item AUTHOR
10605  
10606  =item SEE ALSO
10607  
10608  =back
10609  
10610  =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
10611  
10612  =over 4
10613  
10614  =item SYNOPSIS
10615  
10616  =item DESCRIPTION
10617  
10618  =over 4
10619  
10620  =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
10621  
10622  DJGPP, Pthreads
10623  
10624  =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
10625  
10626  =item Building Perl on DOS
10627  
10628  =item Testing Perl on DOS
10629  
10630  =item Installation of Perl on DOS
10631  
10632  =back
10633  
10634  =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
10635  
10636  =over 4
10637  
10638  =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
10639  
10640  =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
10641  
10642  =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
10643  
10644  =item Building XS Modules on DOS
10645  
10646  =back
10647  
10648  =item AUTHOR
10649  
10650  =item SEE ALSO
10651  
10652  =back
10653  
10654  =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
10655  
10656  =over 4
10657  
10658  =item SYNOPSIS
10659  
10660  =item INTRODUCTION
10661  
10662  =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
10663  
10664  =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
10665  
10666  =over 4
10667  
10668  =item Editors on Epoc
10669  
10670  =item Features of Perl on Epoc
10671  
10672  =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
10673  
10674  =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
10675  
10676  =back
10677  
10678  =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
10679  
10680  =item AUTHOR
10681  
10682  =item LAST UPDATE
10683  
10684  =back
10685  
10686  =head2 perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems
10687  
10688  =over 4
10689  
10690  =item DESCRIPTION
10691  
10692  =over 4
10693  
10694  =item FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads
10695  
10696  =item $^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD
10697  
10698  =item Perl will no longer be part of "base FreeBSD"
10699  
10700  =back
10701  
10702  =item AUTHOR
10703  
10704  =back
10705  
10706  =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
10707  (HP-UX) systems
10708  
10709  =over 4
10710  
10711  =item DESCRIPTION
10712  
10713  =over 4
10714  
10715  =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
10716  
10717  =item Using perl from HP's porting centre
10718  
10719  =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
10720  
10721  =item PA-RISC
10722  
10723  =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
10724  
10725  =item PA-RISC 1.0
10726  
10727  =item PA-RISC 1.1
10728  
10729  =item PA-RISC 2.0
10730  
10731  =item Itanium Processor Family (IPF) and HP-UX
10732  
10733  =item Itanium, Itanium 2 & Madison 6
10734  
10735  =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
10736  
10737  =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
10738  
10739  =item The GNU C Compiler
10740  
10741  =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
10742  
10743  =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
10744  
10745  =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
10746  
10747  =item Oracle on HP-UX
10748  
10749  =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
10750  
10751  =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
10752  
10753  =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
10754  
10755  =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
10756  
10757  =back
10758  
10759  =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
10760  
10761  =item Miscellaneous
10762  
10763  =item AUTHOR
10764  
10765  =item DATE
10766  
10767  =back
10768  
10769  =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
10770  
10771  =over 4
10772  
10773  =item DESCRIPTION
10774  
10775  =over 4
10776  
10777  =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd 
10778  
10779  =back
10780  
10781  =item AUTHOR
10782  
10783  =back
10784  
10785  =head2 perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems
10786  
10787  =over 4
10788  
10789  =item DESCRIPTION
10790  
10791  =over 4
10792  
10793  =item Building 32-bit Perl in Irix
10794  
10795  =item Building 64-bit Perl in Irix
10796  
10797  =item About Compiler Versions of Irix
10798  
10799  =item Linker Problems in Irix
10800  
10801  =item Malloc in Irix
10802  
10803  =item Building with threads in Irix
10804  
10805  =item Irix 5.3
10806  
10807  =back
10808  
10809  =item AUTHOR
10810  
10811  =back
10812  
10813  =head2 perllinux, README.linux - Perl version 5 on Linux systems
10814  
10815  =over 4
10816  
10817  =item DESCRIPTION
10818  
10819  =over 4
10820  
10821  =item Experimental Support for Sun Studio Compilers for Linux OS
10822  
10823  =back
10824  
10825  =item AUTHOR
10826  
10827  =back
10828  
10829  =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
10830  systems
10831  
10832  =over 4
10833  
10834  =item DESCRIPTION
10835  
10836  =over 4
10837  
10838  =item Perl version 5.8.x and greater not supported
10839  
10840  =item Compiling Perl 5.6.x on MachTen
10841  
10842  =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
10843  
10844  op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
10845  
10846  =item Building external modules on MachTen
10847  
10848  =back
10849  
10850  =item AUTHOR
10851  
10852  =item DATE
10853  
10854  =back
10855  
10856  =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
10857  
10858  =over 4
10859  
10860  =item SYNOPSIS
10861  
10862  =item DESCRIPTION
10863  
10864  =item AUTHOR
10865  
10866  =item DATE
10867  
10868  =back
10869  
10870  =head2 perlmacosx, README.macosx - Perl under Mac OS X
10871  
10872  =over 4
10873  
10874  =item SYNOPSIS
10875  
10876  =item DESCRIPTION
10877  
10878  =over 4
10879  
10880  =item Installation Prefix
10881  
10882  =item SDK support
10883  
10884  =item Universal Binary support
10885  
10886  =item 64-bit PPC support
10887  
10888  =item libperl and Prebinding
10889  
10890  =item Updating Apple's Perl
10891  
10892  =item Known problems
10893  
10894  =item MacPerl
10895  
10896  =item Carbon
10897  
10898  =item Cocoa
10899  
10900  =back
10901  
10902  =item Starting From Scratch
10903  
10904  =item AUTHOR
10905  
10906  =item DATE
10907  
10908  =back
10909  
10910  =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
10911  
10912  =over 4
10913  
10914  =item DESCRIPTION
10915  
10916  =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
10917  
10918  =item AUTHOR
10919  
10920  =back
10921  
10922  =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
10923  
10924  =over 4
10925  
10926  =item SYNOPSIS
10927  
10928  =item NOTE
10929  
10930  =item Binary distribution from HP
10931  
10932  =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
10933  
10934  =item Welcome to Perl/iX
10935  
10936  =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
10937  
10938  =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
10939  
10940  =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
10941  
10942  README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
10943  public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
10944  
10945  =item How to Compile Perl/iX
10946  
10947   4,  6
10948  
10949  =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
10950  
10951  =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
10952  
10953  =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
10954  
10955  =item Perl/iX To-Do List
10956  
10957  =item Perl/iX Change History
10958  
10959  =item AUTHOR
10960  
10961  =back
10962  
10963  =head2 perlnetware - Perl for NetWare
10964  
10965  =over 4
10966  
10967  =item DESCRIPTION
10968  
10969  =item BUILD
10970  
10971  =over 4
10972  
10973  =item Tools & SDK
10974  
10975  =item Setup
10976  
10977  SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
10978  
10979  =item Make
10980  
10981  =item Interpreter
10982  
10983  =item Extensions
10984  
10985  =back
10986  
10987  =item INSTALL
10988  
10989  =item BUILD NEW EXTENSIONS
10990  
10991  =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
10992  
10993  =item AUTHORS
10994  
10995  =item DATE
10996  
10997  =back
10998  
10999  =head2 perlopenbsd, README.openbsd - Perl version 5 on OpenBSD systems
11000  
11001  =over 4
11002  
11003  =item DESCRIPTION
11004  
11005  =over 4
11006  
11007  =item OpenBSD core dumps from getprotobyname_r and getservbyname_r with
11008  ithreads
11009  
11010  =back
11011  
11012  =item AUTHOR
11013  
11014  =back
11015  
11016  =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
11017  
11018  =over 4
11019  
11020  =item SYNOPSIS
11021  
11022  =back
11023  
11024  =over 4
11025  
11026  =item DESCRIPTION
11027  
11028  =over 4
11029  
11030  =item Target
11031  
11032  =item Other OSes
11033  
11034  =item Prerequisites
11035  
11036  EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
11037  
11038  =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
11039  
11040  =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
11041  
11042  =back
11043  
11044  =item Frequently asked questions
11045  
11046  =over 4
11047  
11048  =item "It does not work"
11049  
11050  =item I cannot run external programs
11051  
11052  =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
11053  program. 
11054  
11055  Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
11056  L<ExtUtils::Embed>?
11057  
11058  =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
11059  
11060  =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
11061  
11062  =back
11063  
11064  =item INSTALLATION
11065  
11066  =over 4
11067  
11068  =item Automatic binary installation
11069  
11070  C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
11071  
11072  =item Manual binary installation
11073  
11074  Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
11075  (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
11076  Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
11077  and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
11078  Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
11079  
11080  =item B<Warning>
11081  
11082  =back
11083  
11084  =item Accessing documentation
11085  
11086  =over 4
11087  
11088  =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
11089  
11090  =item Plain text
11091  
11092  =item Manpages
11093  
11094  =item HTML
11095  
11096  =item GNU C<info> files
11097  
11098  =item F<PDF> files
11099  
11100  =item C<LaTeX> docs
11101  
11102  =back
11103  
11104  =item BUILD
11105  
11106  =over 4
11107  
11108  =item The short story
11109  
11110  =item Prerequisites
11111  
11112  =item Getting perl source
11113  
11114  =item Application of the patches
11115  
11116  =item Hand-editing
11117  
11118  =item Making
11119  
11120  =item Testing
11121  
11122  A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
11123  F<op/stat.t>
11124  
11125  =item Installing the built perl
11126  
11127  =item C<a.out>-style build
11128  
11129  =back
11130  
11131  =item Building a binary distribution
11132  
11133  =item Building custom F<.EXE> files
11134  
11135  =over 4
11136  
11137  =item Making executables with a custom collection of statically loaded
11138  extensions
11139  
11140  =item Making executables with a custom search-paths
11141  
11142  =back
11143  
11144  =item Build FAQ
11145  
11146  =over 4
11147  
11148  =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
11149  
11150  =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
11151  
11152  =item Problems with tr or sed
11153  
11154  =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
11155  
11156  =item Library ... not found
11157  
11158  =item Segfault in make
11159  
11160  =item op/sprintf test failure
11161  
11162  =back
11163  
11164  =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
11165  
11166  =over 4
11167  
11168  =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
11169  
11170  =item C<system()>
11171  
11172  =item C<extproc> on the first line
11173  
11174  =item Additional modules:
11175  
11176  =item Prebuilt methods:
11177  
11178  C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>,  C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
11179   C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>,  C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>, 
11180  C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>,    C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>, 
11181  C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>,    C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>, 
11182  C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>,  C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>, 
11183  C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
11184  C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
11185  OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
11186  C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
11187  C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
11188  OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>,
11189  C<OS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])>
11190  
11191  =item Prebuilt variables:
11192  
11193  $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout, $OS2::can_fork,
11194  $OS2::nsyserror
11195  
11196  =item Misfeatures
11197  
11198  =item Modifications
11199  
11200  C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
11201  C<flock>
11202  
11203  =item Identifying DLLs
11204  
11205  =item Centralized management of resources
11206  
11207  C<HAB>, C<HMQ>, Treating errors reported by OS/2 API,
11208  C<CheckOSError(expr)>, C<CheckWinError(expr)>, C<SaveWinError(expr)>,
11209  C<SaveCroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2)>, C<WinError_2_Perl_rc>,
11210  C<FillWinError>, C<FillOSError(rc)>, Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs
11211  
11212  =back
11213  
11214  =item Perl flavors
11215  
11216  =over 4
11217  
11218  =item F<perl.exe>
11219  
11220  =item F<perl_.exe>
11221  
11222  =item F<perl__.exe>
11223  
11224  =item F<perl___.exe>
11225  
11226  =item Why strange names?
11227  
11228  =item Why dynamic linking?
11229  
11230  =item Why chimera build?
11231  
11232  =back
11233  
11234  =item ENVIRONMENT
11235  
11236  =over 4
11237  
11238  =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
11239  
11240  =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
11241  
11242  =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
11243  
11244  =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
11245  
11246  =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
11247  
11248  =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
11249  
11250  =back
11251  
11252  =item Evolution
11253  
11254  =over 4
11255  
11256  =item Text-mode filehandles
11257  
11258  =item Priorities
11259  
11260  =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
11261  
11262  =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
11263  
11264  Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
11265  C<LIBPATH>
11266  
11267  =item DLL forwarder generation
11268  
11269  =item Threading
11270  
11271  =item Calls to external programs
11272  
11273  =item Memory allocation
11274  
11275  =item Threads
11276  
11277  C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
11278  
11279  =back
11280  
11281  =item BUGS
11282  
11283  =back
11284  
11285  =over 4
11286  
11287  =item AUTHOR
11288  
11289  =item SEE ALSO
11290  
11291  =back
11292  
11293  =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
11294  and z/OS
11295  
11296  =over 4
11297  
11298  =item SYNOPSIS
11299  
11300  =item DESCRIPTION
11301  
11302  =over 4
11303  
11304  =item Tools
11305  
11306  =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
11307  
11308  =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
11309  
11310  =item Configure Perl on OS/390
11311  
11312  =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
11313  
11314  =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
11315  
11316  =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
11317  
11318  =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
11319  
11320  =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
11321  
11322  =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
11323  
11324  =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
11325  
11326  =back
11327  
11328  =item AUTHORS
11329  
11330  =item SEE ALSO
11331  
11332  =over 4
11333  
11334  =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
11335  
11336  =back
11337  
11338  =item HISTORY
11339  
11340  =back
11341  
11342  =head2 perlos400, README.os400 - Perl version 5 on OS/400
11343  
11344  =over 4
11345  
11346  =item DESCRIPTION
11347  
11348  =over 4
11349  
11350  =item Compiling Perl for OS/400 PASE
11351  
11352  =item Installing Perl in OS/400 PASE
11353  
11354  =item Using Perl in OS/400 PASE
11355  
11356  =item Known Problems
11357  
11358  =item Perl on ILE
11359  
11360  =back
11361  
11362  =item AUTHORS
11363  
11364  =back
11365  
11366  =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
11367  
11368  =over 4
11369  
11370  =item DESCRIPTION
11371  
11372  =over 4
11373  
11374  =item Invoking Perl
11375  
11376  =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
11377  
11378  =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
11379  
11380  =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
11381  
11382  =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
11383  
11384  =back
11385  
11386  =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
11387  
11388  =over 4
11389  
11390  =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
11391  
11392  =back
11393  
11394  =item BUGS
11395  
11396  =item Revision date
11397  
11398  =item AUTHOR
11399  
11400  =back
11401  
11402  =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
11403  
11404  =over 4
11405  
11406  =item DESCRIPTION
11407  
11408  =over 4
11409  
11410  =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
11411  
11412  /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
11413  
11414  =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
11415  
11416  =item QNX auxiliary files
11417  
11418  qnx/ar, qnx/cpp
11419  
11420  =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
11421  
11422  =back
11423  
11424  =item AUTHOR
11425  
11426  =back
11427  
11428  =head2 perlriscos, README.riscos - Perl version 5 for RISC OS
11429  
11430  =over 4
11431  
11432  =item DESCRIPTION
11433  
11434  =item BUILD
11435  
11436  =item AUTHOR
11437  
11438  =back
11439  
11440  =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
11441  
11442  =over 4
11443  
11444  =item DESCRIPTION
11445  
11446  =over 4
11447  
11448  =item Solaris Version Numbers.
11449  
11450  =back
11451  
11452  =item RESOURCES
11453  
11454  Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
11455  
11456  =item SETTING UP
11457  
11458  =over 4
11459  
11460  =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
11461  
11462  =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
11463  
11464  =item Environment for Compiling perl on Solaris
11465  
11466  =back
11467  
11468  =item RUN CONFIGURE.
11469  
11470  =over 4
11471  
11472  =item 64-bit perl on Solaris.
11473  
11474  =item Threads in perl on Solaris.
11475  
11476  =item Malloc Issues with perl on Solaris.
11477  
11478  =back
11479  
11480  =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
11481  
11482  Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
11483  relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
11484  DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
11485  
11486  =item MAKE TEST
11487  
11488  =over 4
11489  
11490  =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
11491  
11492  =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
11493  
11494  =back
11495  
11496  =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
11497  
11498  =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
11499  
11500  =over 4
11501  
11502  =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
11503  
11504  =back
11505  
11506  =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
11507  
11508  =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
11509  
11510  =over 4
11511  
11512  =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
11513  
11514  =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
11515  
11516  =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
11517  
11518  =back
11519  
11520  =item SunOS 4.x
11521  
11522  =item AUTHOR
11523  
11524  =back
11525  
11526  =head2 perlsymbian, README.symbian - Perl version 5 on Symbian OS
11527  
11528  =over 4
11529  
11530  =item DESCRIPTION
11531  
11532  =over 4
11533  
11534  =item Compiling Perl on Symbian
11535  
11536  =item Compilation problems
11537  
11538  =item PerlApp
11539  
11540  =item sisify.pl
11541  
11542  =item Using Perl in Symbian
11543  
11544  =back
11545  
11546  =item TO DO
11547  
11548  =item WARNING
11549  
11550  =item NOTE
11551  
11552  =item AUTHOR
11553  
11554  =item COPYRIGHT
11555  
11556  =item LICENSE
11557  
11558  =item HISTORY
11559  
11560  =back
11561  
11562  =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
11563  Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
11564  
11565  =over 4
11566  
11567  =item DESCRIPTION
11568  
11569  =over 4
11570  
11571  =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
11572  
11573  =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
11574  
11575  =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
11576  
11577  =item Long Doubles on Tru64
11578  
11579  =item DB_File tests failing on Tru64
11580  
11581  =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
11582  
11583  =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
11584  
11585  =back
11586  
11587  =item Testing Perl on Tru64
11588  
11589  =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
11590  
11591  =item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
11592  
11593  =item AUTHOR
11594  
11595  =back
11596  
11597  =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
11598  
11599  =over 4
11600  
11601  =item SYNOPSIS
11602  
11603  =item DESCRIPTION
11604  
11605  =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
11606  
11607  =item Installing the built perl on UTS
11608  
11609  =item AUTHOR
11610  
11611  =back
11612  
11613  =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
11614  
11615  =over 4
11616  
11617  =item SYNOPSIS
11618  
11619  =item DESCRIPTION
11620  
11621  =over 4
11622  
11623  =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
11624  
11625  =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
11626  
11627  =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
11628  
11629  =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
11630  
11631  =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
11632  
11633  =back
11634  
11635  =item AUTHORS
11636  
11637  =item SEE ALSO
11638  
11639  =over 4
11640  
11641  =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
11642  
11643  =back
11644  
11645  =back
11646  
11647  =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
11648  
11649  =over 4
11650  
11651  =item DESCRIPTION
11652  
11653  =item Installation
11654  
11655  =item Organization of Perl Images
11656  
11657  =over 4
11658  
11659  =item Core Images
11660  
11661  =item Perl Extensions
11662  
11663  =item Installing static extensions
11664  
11665  =item Installing dynamic extensions
11666  
11667  =back
11668  
11669  =item File specifications
11670  
11671  =over 4
11672  
11673  =item Syntax
11674  
11675  =item Filename Case
11676  
11677  =item Symbolic Links
11678  
11679  =item Wildcard expansion
11680  
11681  =item Pipes
11682  
11683  =back
11684  
11685  =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
11686  
11687  =item The Perl Forked Debugger
11688  
11689  =item PERL_VMS_EXCEPTION_DEBUG
11690  
11691  =item Command line
11692  
11693  =over 4
11694  
11695  =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
11696  
11697  =item Command line switches
11698  
11699  -i, -S, -u
11700  
11701  =back
11702  
11703  =item Perl functions
11704  
11705  File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, die,
11706  dump, exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//,
11707  select (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST,
11708  utime LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
11709  
11710  =item Perl variables
11711  
11712  %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
11713  
11714  =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
11715  
11716  =over 4
11717  
11718  =item SDBM_File
11719  
11720  =back
11721  
11722  =item Revision date
11723  
11724  =item AUTHOR
11725  
11726  =back
11727  
11728  =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
11729  
11730  =over 4
11731  
11732  =item SYNOPSIS
11733  
11734  =item BUILDING PERL FOR VOS
11735  
11736  =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
11737  
11738  =item USING PERL IN VOS
11739  
11740  =over 4
11741  
11742  =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
11743  
11744  =item Handling of underflow and overflow
11745  
11746  =back
11747  
11748  =item TEST STATUS
11749  
11750  =item SUPPORT STATUS
11751  
11752  =item AUTHOR
11753  
11754  =item LAST UPDATE
11755  
11756  =back
11757  
11758  =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
11759  
11760  =over 4
11761  
11762  =item SYNOPSIS
11763  
11764  =item DESCRIPTION
11765  
11766  =over 4
11767  
11768  =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
11769  
11770  Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Visual
11771  C++ 2008 Express Edition Beta 2, Microsoft Visual C++ 2005 Express Edition,
11772  Microsoft Visual C++ Toolkit 2003, Microsoft Platform SDK 64-bit Compiler,
11773  MinGW release 3 with gcc, MinGW release 1 with gcc
11774  
11775  =item Building
11776  
11777  =item Testing Perl on Win32
11778  
11779  =item Installation of Perl on Win32
11780  
11781  =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
11782  
11783  Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
11784  Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
11785  Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows
11786  
11787  =item Running Perl Scripts
11788  
11789  =item Miscellaneous Things
11790  
11791  =back
11792  
11793  =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
11794  
11795  =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
11796  
11797  =item AUTHORS
11798  
11799  Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
11800  E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
11801  E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>, Jan Dubois E<lt>jand@activestate.comE<gt>,
11802  Steve Hay E<lt>steve.hay@uk.radan.comE<gt>
11803  
11804  =item SEE ALSO
11805  
11806  =item HISTORY
11807  
11808  =back
11809  
11810  =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
11811  
11812  =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
11813  
11814  =over 4
11815  
11816  =item SYNOPSIS
11817  
11818  =item DESCRIPTION
11819  
11820  method, locked
11821  
11822  =back
11823  
11824  =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
11825  
11826  =over 4
11827  
11828  =item SYNOPSIS
11829  
11830  =item DESCRIPTION
11831  
11832  =over 4
11833  
11834  =item 'taint' mode
11835  
11836  =item 'eval' mode
11837  
11838  =item 'debug' mode
11839  
11840  =item 'Debug' mode
11841  
11842  Compile related options, COMPILE, PARSE, OPTIMISE, TRIEC, DUMP, Execute
11843  related options, EXECUTE, MATCH, TRIEE, INTUIT, Extra debugging options,
11844  EXTRA, BUFFERS, TRIEM, STATE, STACK, OPTIMISEM, OFFSETS, OFFSETSDBG, Other
11845  useful flags, ALL, All, MORE, More
11846  
11847  =item Exportable Functions
11848  
11849  is_regexp($ref), regexp_pattern($ref), regmust($ref), regname($name,$all),
11850  regnames($all), regnames_count()
11851  
11852  =back
11853  
11854  =item SEE ALSO
11855  
11856  =back
11857  
11858  =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
11859  data structures between threads
11860  
11861  =over 4
11862  
11863  =item VERSION
11864  
11865  =item SYNOPSIS
11866  
11867  =item DESCRIPTION
11868  
11869  =item EXPORT
11870  
11871  =item FUNCTIONS
11872  
11873  share VARIABLE, is_shared VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE,
11874  cond_wait CONDVAR, LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT,
11875  cond_timedwait CONDVAR, ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE,
11876  cond_broadcast VARIABLE
11877  
11878  =item OBJECTS
11879  
11880  =item NOTES
11881  
11882  =item BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11883  
11884  =item SEE ALSO
11885  
11886  =item AUTHOR
11887  
11888  =back
11889  
11890  =head2 threads - Perl interpreter-based threads
11891  
11892  =over 4
11893  
11894  =item VERSION
11895  
11896  =item SYNOPSIS
11897  
11898  =item DESCRIPTION
11899  
11900  $thr = threads->create(FUNCTION, ARGS), $thr->join(), $thr->detach(),
11901  threads->detach(), threads->self(), $thr->tid(), threads->tid(), "$thr",
11902  threads->object($tid), threads->yield(), threads->list(),
11903  threads->list(threads::all), threads->list(threads::running),
11904  threads->list(threads::joinable), $thr1->equal($thr2), async BLOCK;,
11905  $thr->error(), $thr->_handle(), threads->_handle()
11906  
11907  =item EXITING A THREAD
11908  
11909  threads->exit(), threads->exit(status), die(), exit(status), use threads
11910  'exit' => 'threads_only', threads->create({'exit' => 'thread_only'}, ...),
11911  $thr->set_thread_exit_only(boolean), threads->set_thread_exit_only(boolean)
11912  
11913  =item THREAD STATE
11914  
11915  $thr->is_running(), $thr->is_joinable(), $thr->is_detached(),
11916  threads->is_detached()
11917  
11918  =item THREAD CONTEXT
11919  
11920  =over 4
11921  
11922  =item Explicit context
11923  
11924  =item Implicit context
11925  
11926  =item $thr->wantarray()
11927  
11928  =item threads->wantarray()
11929  
11930  =back
11931  
11932  =item THREAD STACK SIZE
11933  
11934  threads->get_stack_size();, $size = $thr->get_stack_size();, $old_size =
11935  threads->set_stack_size($new_size);, use threads ('stack_size' => VALUE);,
11936  $ENV{'PERL5_ITHREADS_STACK_SIZE'}, threads->create({'stack_size' => VALUE},
11937  FUNCTION, ARGS), $thr2 = $thr1->create(FUNCTION, ARGS)
11938  
11939  =item THREAD SIGNALLING
11940  
11941  $thr->kill('SIG...');
11942  
11943  =item WARNINGS
11944  
11945  Perl exited with active threads:, Thread creation failed: pthread_create
11946  returned #, Thread # terminated abnormally: .., Using minimum thread stack
11947  size of #, Thread creation failed: pthread_attr_setstacksize(I<SIZE>)
11948  returned 22
11949  
11950  =item ERRORS
11951  
11952  This Perl not built to support threads, Cannot change stack size of an
11953  existing thread, Cannot signal threads without safe signals, Unrecognized
11954  signal name: ..
11955  
11956  =item BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11957  
11958  Thread-safe modules, Using non-thread-safe modules, Current working
11959  directory, Environment variables, Parent-child threads, Creating threads
11960  inside special blocks, Unsafe signals, Perl has been built with
11961  C<PERL_OLD_SIGNALS> (see C<perl -V>), The environment variable
11962  C<PERL_SIGNALS> is set to C<unsafe> (see L<perlrun/"PERL_SIGNALS">), The
11963  module L<Perl::Unsafe::Signals> is used, Returning closures from threads,
11964  Returning objects from threads, Perl Bugs and the CPAN Version of
11965  L<threads>
11966  
11967  =item REQUIREMENTS
11968  
11969  =item SEE ALSO
11970  
11971  =item AUTHOR
11972  
11973  =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
11974  
11975  =back
11976  
11977  =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
11978  
11979  =over 4
11980  
11981  =item SYNOPSIS
11982  
11983  =item DESCRIPTION
11984  
11985  =over 4
11986  
11987  =item Built-in Attributes
11988  
11989  locked, method, lvalue
11990  
11991  =item Available Subroutines
11992  
11993  get, reftype
11994  
11995  =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
11996  
11997  FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
11998  
11999  =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
12000  
12001  =back
12002  
12003  =item EXPORTS
12004  
12005  =over 4
12006  
12007  =item Default exports
12008  
12009  =item Available exports
12010  
12011  =item Export tags defined
12012  
12013  =back
12014  
12015  =item EXAMPLES
12016  
12017  =item SEE ALSO
12018  
12019  =back
12020  
12021  =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
12022  
12023  =over 4
12024  
12025  =item SYNOPSIS
12026  
12027  =item DESCRIPTION
12028  
12029  =item WARNING
12030  
12031  =item AUTHOR
12032  
12033  =item SEE ALSO
12034  
12035  =back
12036  
12037  =head2 base - Establish an ISA relationship with base classes at compile
12038  time
12039  
12040  =over 4
12041  
12042  =item SYNOPSIS
12043  
12044  =item DESCRIPTION
12045  
12046  =item DIAGNOSTICS
12047  
12048  Base class package "%s" is empty, Class 'Foo' tried to inherit from itself
12049  
12050  =item HISTORY
12051  
12052  =item CAVEATS
12053  
12054  =item SEE ALSO
12055  
12056  =back
12057  
12058  =head2 bigint - Transparent BigInteger support for Perl
12059  
12060  =over 4
12061  
12062  =item SYNOPSIS
12063  
12064  =item DESCRIPTION
12065  
12066  =over 4
12067  
12068  =item use integer vs. use bigint
12069  
12070  =item Options
12071  
12072  a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, hex, oct, l, lib, try or only, v
12073  or version
12074  
12075  =item Math Library
12076  
12077  =item Internal Format
12078  
12079  =item Sign
12080  
12081  =item Methods
12082  
12083  inf(), NaN(), e, PI, bexp(), bpi(), upgrade(), in_effect()
12084  
12085  =item MATH LIBRARY
12086  
12087  =item Caveat
12088  
12089  =back
12090  
12091  =item CAVAETS
12092  
12093  in_effect(), hex()/oct()
12094  
12095  =item MODULES USED
12096  
12097  =item EXAMPLES
12098  
12099  =item LICENSE
12100  
12101  =item SEE ALSO
12102  
12103  =item AUTHORS
12104  
12105  =back
12106  
12107  =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
12108  
12109  =over 4
12110  
12111  =item SYNOPSIS
12112  
12113  =item DESCRIPTION
12114  
12115  =over 4
12116  
12117  =item Options
12118  
12119  a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, hex, oct, v or version
12120  
12121  =item Methods
12122  
12123  =item Caveats
12124  
12125  inf(), NaN(), e, PI(), bexp(), bpi(), upgrade(), in_effect()
12126  
12127  =item Math Library
12128  
12129  =item INTERNAL FORMAT
12130  
12131  =item SIGN
12132  
12133  =back
12134  
12135  =item CAVAETS
12136  
12137  in_effect(), hex()/oct()
12138  
12139  =item MODULES USED
12140  
12141  =item EXAMPLES
12142  
12143  =item LICENSE
12144  
12145  =item SEE ALSO
12146  
12147  =item AUTHORS
12148  
12149  =back
12150  
12151  =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
12152  
12153  =over 4
12154  
12155  =item SYNOPSIS
12156  
12157  =item DESCRIPTION
12158  
12159  =over 4
12160  
12161  =item Modules Used
12162  
12163  =item Math Library
12164  
12165  =item Sign
12166  
12167  =item Methods
12168  
12169  inf(), NaN(), e, PI, bexp(), bpi(), upgrade(), in_effect()
12170  
12171  =item MATH LIBRARY
12172  
12173  =item Cavaet
12174  
12175  =item Options
12176  
12177  a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, hex, oct, v or version
12178  
12179  =back
12180  
12181  =item CAVAETS
12182  
12183  in_effect(), hex()/oct()
12184  
12185  =item EXAMPLES
12186  
12187      perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
12188      perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
12189      perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
12190      perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'    
12191      perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
12192      perl -Mbignum=l,GMP -le 'print 7 ** 7777'
12193  
12194  =item LICENSE
12195  
12196  =item SEE ALSO
12197  
12198  =item AUTHORS
12199  
12200  =back
12201  
12202  =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
12203  
12204  =over 4
12205  
12206  =item SYNOPSIS
12207  
12208  =item DESCRIPTION
12209  
12210  =item BUGS
12211  
12212  =item AUTHOR
12213  
12214  =back
12215  
12216  =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
12217  semantics
12218  
12219  =over 4
12220  
12221  =item SYNOPSIS
12222  
12223  =item DESCRIPTION
12224  
12225  =item LIMITATIONS
12226  
12227  =item SEE ALSO
12228  
12229  =back
12230  
12231  =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
12232  escapes
12233  
12234  =over 4
12235  
12236  =item SYNOPSIS
12237  
12238  =item DESCRIPTION
12239  
12240  =item ALIASES
12241  
12242  =item CUSTOM ALIASES
12243  
12244  =over 4
12245  
12246  =item Anonymous hashes
12247  
12248  =item Alias file
12249  
12250  =item Alias shortcut
12251  
12252  =back
12253  
12254  =item charnames::viacode(code)
12255  
12256  =item charnames::vianame(name)
12257  
12258  =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
12259  
12260  =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
12261  
12262  =item BUGS
12263  
12264  =back
12265  
12266  =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
12267  
12268  =over 4
12269  
12270  =item SYNOPSIS
12271  
12272  =item DESCRIPTION
12273  
12274  =item NOTES
12275  
12276  =over 4
12277  
12278  =item List constants
12279  
12280  =item Defining multiple constants at once
12281  
12282  =item Magic constants
12283  
12284  =back
12285  
12286  =item TECHNICAL NOTES
12287  
12288  =item CAVEATS
12289  
12290  =item BUGS
12291  
12292  =item AUTHORS
12293  
12294  =item COPYRIGHT
12295  
12296  =back
12297  
12298  =head2 diagnostics, splain - produce verbose warning diagnostics
12299  
12300  =over 4
12301  
12302  =item SYNOPSIS
12303  
12304  =item DESCRIPTION
12305  
12306  =over 4
12307  
12308  =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
12309  
12310  =item The I<splain> Program
12311  
12312  =back
12313  
12314  =item EXAMPLES
12315  
12316  =item INTERNALS
12317  
12318  =item BUGS
12319  
12320  =item AUTHOR
12321  
12322  =back
12323  
12324  =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
12325  
12326  =over 4
12327  
12328  =item SYNOPSIS
12329  
12330  =item ABSTRACT
12331  
12332  =over 4
12333  
12334  =item Literal Conversions
12335  
12336  =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
12337  
12338  =item Implicit upgrading for byte strings
12339  
12340  =item Side effects
12341  
12342  =item Side effects
12343  
12344  =item Side effects
12345  
12346  =back
12347  
12348  =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
12349  
12350  "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
12351  
12352  =item USAGE
12353  
12354  use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
12355  I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
12356  
12357  =item The Filter Option
12358  
12359  =over 4
12360  
12361  =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
12362  
12363  =back
12364  
12365  =item CAVEATS
12366  
12367  =over 4
12368  
12369  =item NOT SCOPED
12370  
12371  =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
12372  
12373  =item tr/// with ranges
12374  
12375  Legend of characters above
12376  
12377  =back
12378  
12379  =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
12380  
12381  =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
12382  
12383  literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format, Thread
12384  safety
12385  
12386  =over 4
12387  
12388  =item The Logic of :locale
12389  
12390  =back
12391  
12392  =item HISTORY
12393  
12394  =item SEE ALSO
12395  
12396  =back
12397  
12398  =head2 encoding::warnings - Warn on implicit encoding conversions
12399  
12400  =over 4
12401  
12402  =item VERSION
12403  
12404  =item SYNOPSIS
12405  
12406  =item DESCRIPTION
12407  
12408  =over 4
12409  
12410  =item Overview of the problem
12411  
12412  =item Detecting the problem
12413  
12414  =item Solving the problem
12415  
12416  Upgrade both sides to unicode-strings, Downgrade both sides to
12417  byte-strings, Specify the encoding for implicit byte-string upgrading,
12418  PerlIO layers for B<STDIN> and B<STDOUT>, Literal conversions, Implicit
12419  upgrading for byte-strings
12420  
12421  =back
12422  
12423  =item CAVEATS
12424  
12425  =back
12426  
12427  =over 4
12428  
12429  =item SEE ALSO
12430  
12431  =item AUTHORS
12432  
12433  =item COPYRIGHT
12434  
12435  =back
12436  
12437  =head2 feature - Perl pragma to enable new syntactic features
12438  
12439  =over 4
12440  
12441  =item SYNOPSIS
12442  
12443  =item DESCRIPTION
12444  
12445  =over 4
12446  
12447  =item Lexical effect
12448  
12449  =item C<no feature>
12450  
12451  =item The 'switch' feature
12452  
12453  =item The 'say' feature
12454  
12455  =item the 'state' feature
12456  
12457  =back
12458  
12459  =item FEATURE BUNDLES
12460  
12461  =item IMPLICIT LOADING
12462  
12463  =back
12464  
12465  =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
12466  
12467  =over 4
12468  
12469  =item SYNOPSIS
12470  
12471  =item DESCRIPTION
12472  
12473  new, phash
12474  
12475  =item SEE ALSO
12476  
12477  =back
12478  
12479  =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
12480  
12481  =over 4
12482  
12483  =item SYNOPSIS
12484  
12485  =item DESCRIPTION
12486  
12487  =over 4
12488  
12489  =item Consider this carefully
12490  
12491  =item The "access" sub-pragma
12492  
12493  =item Limitation with regard to C<_>
12494  
12495  =back
12496  
12497  =back
12498  
12499  =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
12500  
12501  =over 4
12502  
12503  =item SYNOPSIS
12504  
12505  =item DESCRIPTION
12506  
12507  =item BUGS
12508  
12509  =item AUTHOR
12510  
12511  =back
12512  
12513  =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
12514  point
12515  
12516  =over 4
12517  
12518  =item SYNOPSIS
12519  
12520  =item DESCRIPTION
12521  
12522  =back
12523  
12524  =head2 less - perl p