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   1  This document is written in pod format hence there are punctuation
   2  characters in odd places.  Do not worry, you've apparently got the
   3  ASCII->EBCDIC translation worked out correctly.  You can read more
   4  about pod in pod/perlpod.pod or the short summary in the INSTALL file.
   5  
   6  =head1 NAME
   7  
   8  README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390 and z/OS
   9  
  10  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  11  
  12  This document will help you Configure, build, test and install Perl
  13  on OS/390 (aka z/OS) Unix System Services.
  14  
  15  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  16  
  17  This is a fully ported Perl for OS/390 Version 2 Release 3, 5, 6, 7,
  18  8, and 9.  It may work on other versions or releases, but those are
  19  the ones we've tested it on.
  20  
  21  You may need to carry out some system configuration tasks before
  22  running the Configure script for Perl.
  23  
  24  
  25  =head2 Tools
  26  
  27  The z/OS Unix Tools and Toys list may prove helpful and contains links
  28  to ports of much of the software helpful for building Perl.
  29  http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1toy.html
  30  
  31  
  32  =head2 Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
  33  
  34  If using ftp remember to transfer the distribution in binary format.
  35  
  36  Gunzip/gzip for OS/390 is discussed at:
  37  
  38    http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/faq/bpxqp1.html
  39  
  40  to extract an ASCII tar archive on OS/390, try this:
  41  
  42     pax -o to=IBM-1047,from=ISO8859-1 -r < latest.tar
  43  
  44  or
  45  
  46     zcat latest.tar.Z | pax -o to=IBM-1047,from=ISO8859-1 -r
  47  
  48  If you get lots of errors of the form
  49  
  50    tar: FSUM7171 ...: cannot set uid/gid: EDC5139I Operation not permitted.
  51  
  52  you didn't read the above and tried to use tar instead of pax, you'll
  53  first have to remove the (now corrupt) perl directory
  54  
  55     rm -rf perl-...
  56  
  57  and then use pax.
  58  
  59  =head2 Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
  60  
  61  Be sure that your yacc installation is in place including any necessary
  62  parser template files. If you have not already done so then be sure to:
  63  
  64    cp /samples/yyparse.c /etc
  65  
  66  This may also be a good time to ensure that your /etc/protocol file
  67  and either your /etc/resolv.conf or /etc/hosts files are in place.
  68  The IBM document that described such USS system setup issues was
  69  SC28-1890-07 "OS/390 UNIX System Services Planning", in particular
  70  Chapter 6 on customizing the OE shell.
  71  
  72  GNU make for OS/390, which is recommended for the build of perl (as
  73  well as building CPAN modules and extensions), is available from the
  74  L</Tools>.
  75  
  76  Some people have reported encountering "Out of memory!" errors while
  77  trying to build Perl using GNU make binaries.  If you encounter such
  78  trouble then try to download the source code kit and build GNU make
  79  from source to eliminate any such trouble.  You might also find GNU make
  80  (as well as Perl and Apache) in the red-piece/book "Open Source Software
  81  for OS/390 UNIX", SG24-5944-00 from IBM.
  82  
  83  If instead of the recommended GNU make you would like to use the system
  84  supplied make program then be sure to install the default rules file
  85  properly via the shell command:
  86  
  87      cp /samples/startup.mk /etc
  88  
  89  and be sure to also set the environment variable _C89_CCMODE=1 (exporting
  90  _C89_CCMODE=1 is also a good idea for users of GNU make).
  91  
  92  You might also want to have GNU groff for OS/390 installed before
  93  running the "make install" step for Perl.
  94  
  95  There is a syntax error in the /usr/include/sys/socket.h header file
  96  that IBM supplies with USS V2R7, V2R8, and possibly V2R9.  The problem with
  97  the header file is that near the definition of the SO_REUSEPORT constant
  98  there is a spurious extra '/' character outside of a comment like so:
  99  
 100   #define SO_REUSEPORT    0x0200    /* allow local address & port
 101                                        reuse */                    /
 102  
 103  You could edit that header yourself to remove that last '/', or you might
 104  note that Language Environment (LE) APAR PQ39997 describes the problem
 105  and PTF's UQ46272 and UQ46271 are the (R8 at least) fixes and apply them.
 106  If left unattended that syntax error will turn up as an inability for Perl
 107  to build its "Socket" extension.
 108  
 109  For successful testing you may need to turn on the sticky bit for your
 110  world readable /tmp directory if you have not already done so (see man chmod).
 111  
 112  =head2 Configure Perl on OS/390
 113  
 114  Once you've unpacked the distribution, run "sh Configure" (see INSTALL
 115  for a full discussion of the Configure options).  There is a "hints" file
 116  for os390 that specifies the correct values for most things.  Some things
 117  to watch out for include:
 118  
 119  =over 4
 120  
 121  =item *
 122  
 123  A message of the form:
 124  
 125   (I see you are using the Korn shell.  Some ksh's blow up on Configure,
 126   mainly on older exotic systems.  If yours does, try the Bourne shell instead.)
 127  
 128  is nothing to worry about at all.
 129  
 130  =item *
 131  
 132  Some of the parser default template files in /samples are needed in /etc.
 133  In particular be sure that you at least copy /samples/yyparse.c to /etc
 134  before running Perl's Configure.  This step ensures successful extraction
 135  of EBCDIC versions of parser files such as perly.c, perly.h, and x2p/a2p.c.
 136  This has to be done before running Configure the first time.  If you failed
 137  to do so then the easiest way to re-Configure Perl is to delete your
 138  misconfigured build root and re-extract the source from the tar ball.
 139  Then you must ensure that /etc/yyparse.c is properly in place before
 140  attempting to re-run Configure.
 141  
 142  =item *
 143  
 144  This port will support dynamic loading, but it is not selected by
 145  default.  If you would like to experiment with dynamic loading then
 146  be sure to specify -Dusedl in the arguments to the Configure script.
 147  See the comments in hints/os390.sh for more information on dynamic loading.
 148  If you build with dynamic loading then you will need to add the
 149  $archlibexp/CORE directory to your LIBPATH environment variable in order
 150  for perl to work.  See the config.sh file for the value of $archlibexp.
 151  If in trying to use Perl you see an error message similar to:
 152  
 153   CEE3501S The module libperl.dll was not found.
 154           From entry point __dllstaticinit at compile unit offset +00000194 at
 155  
 156  then your LIBPATH does not have the location of libperl.x and either
 157  libperl.dll or libperl.so in it.  Add that directory to your LIBPATH and
 158  proceed.
 159  
 160  =item *
 161  
 162  Do not turn on the compiler optimization flag "-O".  There is
 163  a bug in either the optimizer or perl that causes perl to
 164  not work correctly when the optimizer is on.
 165  
 166  =item *
 167  
 168  Some of the configuration files in /etc used by the
 169  networking APIs are either missing or have the wrong
 170  names.  In particular, make sure that there's either
 171  an /etc/resolv.conf or an /etc/hosts, so that
 172  gethostbyname() works, and make sure that the file
 173  /etc/proto has been renamed to /etc/protocol (NOT
 174  /etc/protocols, as used by other Unix systems).
 175  You may have to look for things like HOSTNAME and DOMAINORIGIN
 176  in the "//'SYS1.TCPPARMS(TCPDATA)'" PDS member in order to
 177  properly set up your /etc networking files.
 178  
 179  =back
 180  
 181  =head2 Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
 182  
 183  Simply put:
 184  
 185      sh Configure
 186      make
 187      make test
 188  
 189  if everything looks ok (see the next section for test/IVP diagnosis) then:
 190  
 191      make install
 192  
 193  this last step may or may not require UID=0 privileges depending
 194  on how you answered the questions that Configure asked and whether
 195  or not you have write access to the directories you specified.
 196  
 197  =head2 Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
 198  
 199  "Out of memory!" messages during the build of Perl are most often fixed
 200  by re building the GNU make utility for OS/390 from a source code kit.
 201  
 202  Another memory limiting item to check is your MAXASSIZE parameter in your
 203  'SYS1.PARMLIB(BPXPRMxx)' data set (note too that as of V2R8 address space
 204  limits can be set on a per user ID basis in the USS segment of a RACF
 205  profile).  People have reported successful builds of Perl with MAXASSIZE
 206  parameters as small as 503316480 (and it may be possible to build Perl
 207  with a MAXASSIZE smaller than that).
 208  
 209  Within USS your /etc/profile or $HOME/.profile may limit your ulimit
 210  settings.  Check that the following command returns reasonable values:
 211  
 212      ulimit -a
 213  
 214  To conserve memory you should have your compiler modules loaded into the
 215  Link Pack Area (LPA/ELPA) rather than in a link list or step lib.
 216  
 217  If the c89 compiler complains of syntax errors during the build of the
 218  Socket extension then be sure to fix the syntax error in the system
 219  header /usr/include/sys/socket.h.
 220  
 221  =head2 Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
 222  
 223  The "make test" step runs a Perl Verification Procedure, usually before
 224  installation.  You might encounter STDERR messages even during a successful
 225  run of "make test".  Here is a guide to some of the more commonly seen
 226  anomalies:
 227  
 228  =over 4
 229  
 230  =item *
 231  
 232  A message of the form:
 233  
 234   comp/cpp.............ERROR CBC3191 ./.301989890.c:1     The character $ is not a
 235    valid C source character.
 236   FSUM3065 The COMPILE step ended with return code 12.
 237   FSUM3017 Could not compile .301989890.c. Correct the errors and try again.
 238   ok
 239  
 240  indicates that the t/comp/cpp.t test of Perl's -P command line switch has
 241  passed but that the particular invocation of c89 -E in the cpp script does
 242  not suppress the C compiler check of source code validity.
 243  
 244  =item *
 245  
 246  A message of the form:
 247  
 248   io/openpid...........CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received.
 249   CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received.
 250   CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received.
 251   ok
 252  
 253  indicates that the t/io/openpid.t test of Perl has passed but done so
 254  with extraneous messages on stderr from CEE.
 255  
 256  =item *
 257  
 258  A message of the form:
 259  
 260   lib/ftmp-security....File::Temp::_gettemp: Parent directory (/tmp/) is not safe
 261   (sticky bit not set when world writable?) at lib/ftmp-security.t line 100
 262   File::Temp::_gettemp: Parent directory (/tmp/) is not safe (sticky bit not
 263   set when world writable?) at lib/ftmp-security.t line 100
 264   ok
 265  
 266  indicates a problem with the permissions on your /tmp directory within the HFS.
 267  To correct that problem issue the command:
 268  
 269       chmod a+t /tmp
 270  
 271  from an account with write access to the directory entry for /tmp.
 272  
 273  =item *
 274  
 275  Out of Memory!
 276  
 277  Recent perl test suite is quite memory hunrgy. In addition to the comments
 278  above on memory limitations it is also worth checking for _CEE_RUNOPTS
 279  in your environment. Perl now has (in miniperlmain.c) a C #pragma
 280  to set CEE run options, but the environment variable wins.
 281  
 282  The C code asks for:
 283  
 284   #pragma runopts(HEAP(2M,500K,ANYWHERE,KEEP,8K,4K) STACK(,,ANY,) ALL31(ON))
 285  
 286  The important parts of that are the second argument (the increment) to HEAP,
 287  and allowing the stack to be "Above the (16M) line". If the heap
 288  increment is too small then when perl (for example loading unicode/Name.pl) tries
 289  to create a "big" (400K+) string it cannot fit in a single segment
 290  and you get "Out of Memory!" - even if there is still plenty of memory
 291  available.
 292  
 293  A related issue is use with perl's malloc. Perl's malloc uses C<sbrk()>
 294  to get memory, and C<sbrk()> is limited to the first allocation so in this
 295  case something like:
 296  
 297    HEAP(8M,500K,ANYWHERE,KEEP,8K,4K)
 298  
 299  is needed to get through the test suite.
 300  
 301  
 302  =back
 303  
 304  =head2 Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
 305  
 306  The installman script will try to run on OS/390.  There will be fewer errors
 307  if you have a roff utility installed.  You can obtain GNU groff from the
 308  Redbook SG24-5944-00 ftp site.
 309  
 310  =head2 Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
 311  
 312  When using perl on OS/390 please keep in mind that the EBCDIC and ASCII
 313  character sets are different.  See perlebcdic.pod for more on such character
 314  set issues.  Perl builtin functions that may behave differently under
 315  EBCDIC are also mentioned in the perlport.pod document.
 316  
 317  Open Edition (UNIX System Services) from V2R8 onward does support
 318  #!/path/to/perl script invocation.  There is a PTF available from
 319  IBM for V2R7 that will allow shell/kernel support for #!.  USS
 320  releases prior to V2R7 did not support the #! means of script invocation.
 321  If you are running V2R6 or earlier then see:
 322  
 323      head `whence perldoc`
 324  
 325  for an example of how to use the "eval exec" trick to ask the shell to
 326  have Perl run your scripts on those older releases of Unix System Services.
 327  
 328  If you are having trouble with square brackets then consider switching your
 329  rlogin or telnet client.  Try to avoid older 3270 emulators and ISHELL for
 330  working with Perl on USS.
 331  
 332  =head2 Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
 333  
 334  There appears to be a bug in the floating point implementation on S/390
 335  systems such that calling int() on the product of a number and a small
 336  magnitude number is not the same as calling int() on the quotient of
 337  that number and a large magnitude number.  For example, in the following
 338  Perl code:
 339  
 340      my $x = 100000.0;
 341      my $y = int($x * 1e-5) * 1e5; # '0'
 342      my $z = int($x / 1e+5) * 1e5;  # '100000'
 343      print "\$y is $y and \$z is $z\n"; # $y is 0 and $z is 100000
 344  
 345  Although one would expect the quantities $y and $z to be the same and equal
 346  to 100000 they will differ and instead will be 0 and 100000 respectively.
 347  
 348  The problem can be further examined in a roughly equivalent C program:
 349  
 350      #include <stdio.h>
 351      #include <math.h>
 352      main()
 353      {
 354      double r1,r2;
 355      double x = 100000.0;
 356      double y = 0.0;
 357      double z = 0.0;
 358      x = 100000.0 * 1e-5;
 359      r1 = modf (x,&y);
 360      x = 100000.0 / 1e+5;
 361      r2 = modf (x,&z);
 362      printf("y is %e and z is %e\n",y*1e5,z*1e5);
 363      /* y is 0.000000e+00 and z is 1.000000e+05 (with c89) */
 364      }
 365  
 366  =head2 Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
 367  
 368  Pure pure (that is non xs) modules may be installed via the usual:
 369  
 370      perl Makefile.PL
 371      make
 372      make test
 373      make install
 374  
 375  If you built perl with dynamic loading capability then that would also
 376  be the way to build xs based extensions.  However, if you built perl with
 377  the default static linking you can still build xs based extensions for OS/390
 378  but you will need to follow the instructions in ExtUtils::MakeMaker for
 379  building statically linked perl binaries.  In the simplest configurations
 380  building a static perl + xs extension boils down to:
 381  
 382      perl Makefile.PL
 383      make
 384      make perl
 385      make test
 386      make install
 387      make -f Makefile.aperl inst_perl MAP_TARGET=perl
 388  
 389  In most cases people have reported better results with GNU make rather
 390  than the system's /bin/make program, whether for plain modules or for
 391  xs based extensions.
 392  
 393  If the make process encounters trouble with either compilation or
 394  linking then try setting the _C89_CCMODE to 1.  Assuming sh is your
 395  login shell then run:
 396  
 397      export _C89_CCMODE=1
 398  
 399  If tcsh is your login shell then use the setenv command.
 400  
 401  =head1 AUTHORS
 402  
 403  David Fiander and Peter Prymmer with thanks to Dennis Longnecker
 404  and William Raffloer for valuable reports, LPAR and PTF feedback.
 405  Thanks to Mike MacIsaac and Egon Terwedow for SG24-5944-00.
 406  Thanks to Ignasi Roca for pointing out the floating point problems.
 407  Thanks to John Goodyear for dynamic loading help.
 408  
 409  =head1 SEE ALSO
 410  
 411  L<INSTALL>, L<perlport>, L<perlebcdic>, L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker>.
 412  
 413      http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1toy.html
 414  
 415      http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/abstracts/sg245944.html
 416  
 417      http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1ty1.html#opensrc
 418  
 419      http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/mailing-lists/perl-mvs/
 420  
 421      http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com:80/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/ceea3030/
 422  
 423      http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com:80/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/CBCUG030/
 424  
 425  =head2 Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
 426  
 427  If you are interested in the VM/ESA, z/OS (formerly known as OS/390)
 428  and POSIX-BC (BS2000) ports of Perl then see the perl-mvs mailing list.
 429  To subscribe, send an empty message to perl-mvs-subscribe@perl.org.
 430  
 431  See also:
 432  
 433      http://lists.perl.org/showlist.cgi?name=perl-mvs
 434  
 435  There are web archives of the mailing list at:
 436  
 437      http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/mailing-lists/perl-mvs/
 438      http://archive.develooper.com/perl-mvs@perl.org/
 439  
 440  =head1 HISTORY
 441  
 442  This document was originally written by David Fiander for the 5.005
 443  release of Perl.
 444  
 445  This document was podified for the 5.005_03 release of Perl 11 March 1999.
 446  
 447  Updated 28 November 2001 for broken URLs.
 448  
 449  Updated 12 November 2000 for the 5.7.1 release of Perl.
 450  
 451  Updated 15 January 2001 for the 5.7.1 release of Perl.
 452  
 453  Updated 24 January 2001 to mention dynamic loading.
 454  
 455  Updated 12 March 2001 to mention //'SYS1.TCPPARMS(TCPDATA)'.
 456  
 457  =cut
 458